Traffic Monitoring Camera Systems Essay -- electronic monitoring devic

Theoretical With the noteworthy increment of traffic checking camera frameworks, the discussion on their security, viability and Constitutionality has expanded. The reason for this exploration is to introduce contentions from each side of the issue and afterward think about insights regarding the matter so as to make an assurance of whether these frameworks are increasingly useful or impeding to open security, and whether open intrigue or monetary benefit is the center part in the execution of the camera frameworks. Over the previous decade, American residents have seen an undeniably regular sight: the surge of electronic checking gadgets being put at traffic lights and convergences with the sole motivation behind account driver conduct to give references; all for the sake of security (Federal Highway Administration Safety, n.d.). The multiplication of these traffic wellbeing cameras, which has spread in exceptional numbers to ever-littler towns (Smile, you’re on camera, 2009), is without a doubt disputable, and has started a lot of discussion between residents, governing bodies, police divisions, government organizations, and social equality gatherings (Burnett, 1998). Other than the discussion on whether the cameras, and the references that are given to the enlisted vehicle proprietor dependent on the recorded data, are protected, (or whether they just establish an Orwellian attack of security), the generally acknowledged reason that the cameras decline the seriousness of or potentially forestall car crashes is additionally strongly challenged. Supporters for the execution of red light and speed cameras are unyielding that the utilization of such gadgets deflects petty criminal offenses and diminishes mishaps (City of Johnson City, TN, n.d.). Research bolsters these cases ... ...guson, S. An., and Farmer, C. M. (2007). Lessening red light going through longer yellow sign planning and red light camera authorization: Results of a field examination. Recovered from http://www.stopredlightrunning.com Ruby, D. E., and Hobeika, A. G. (2003, Summer). Evaluation of red light running cameras in Fairfax County, Virginia. Transportation Quarterly, 57(3), 33-48. Shifflett, G., and Owen, J. (2008, September 22). Red light cameras in the Volunteer State: Unsafe, illegal, and pointless (Tennessee Center for Policy Research Policy Brief 04-08). Recovered from The Newspaper: www.thenewspaper.com Grin, you’re on camera. (2009, November). State Legislatures, 35(2), 11. Recovered from http://find.galegroup.com.ezproxy.etsu.edu: The red-light camera never lies. (2009, November 13). The Hotline. Recovered from http://find.galegroup.com.ezproxy.etsu.edu.

KIAI Marketing Plan Essay Sample free essay sample

* Executive total upKiai Marketing Group ( Kiai ) . which is established by Roger Mills who are a student at the University of Western Ontario ( Western ) . London. Ontario. is a newly little house planned for providing propelled offering answers for London concern. With the improvement of the building. the college class presently has changed a group than before. PC supplanted paper and compose as to go a typical instrument for taking notes and looking for data during the college classification. Factories has established that a majority of Western’s 30. 000 students utilized workstations in the schoolroom and around grounds. In light of these conceivable commercial media. our firm’s stock is to exploit the perfect reinforcement of PC palpebras which were new notice endless by using a PC covering that is structured by Mills. Our firm’s end is making a total compensation of $ 5. 000 for the main twelvemonth. permit 80 % students know Kiai and 50 % understudies seti ng advertisements in their PC palpebras. * Current selling territory of affairsMarket descriptionAs the tenth biggest city in Canada and the sixth biggest city in Ontario. the populace in London is more than 430. 000. Furthermore. for the ground of its area and is other than a significant center point for health consideration in Southwestern Ontario and spot to both the University of Western Ontario ( Western ) and Fanshawe College. it pulled in a major aggregate of understudies around the universe. At the end of the day. the more understudies in London. the more PCs here. the greater notice we can set on the PC lips. Furthermore. the nearby little worry in London got the profoundly reassuring by the city and commonplace authoritiess. This will really benefit for our gathering which is immediate focusing of students at Western. Truth be told. our product is an originative product that is remarkable. The market is ever pulled in by the new things. other than. our product can do total compensations both for the advertizer and the understudies. Item reappraisalOur stock is entirely simple to deliver and got from our customers. We’ve as of now reached with a bit. small time activity in business region. London to deliver an overlay stuff. it can simple be applied and expelled from PC palpebras by using a white glue reinforcement. Not simply is it advantageous for understudies to set it on their PC palpebras. be that as it may, help the advertizer to rescue the expenses. CompetitionThere are a cluster of commercial media in London. some of them are outside of the college, for example, the London Free Press. It is the London’s significant everyday paper which pulled in around 226. 000 perusers every weekday. 250. 000 on Sabbatums and 140. 000 on Lords daies. In spite of the fact that it has army perusers and the estimating data of it is secret. the expense of posting notice on it is high to the point that is non appropriate for concern focusing on understudies. Since the intensity of college students’ ingestion is non truly elevated. the product that offered to them would non be so costly. so it is non cost-productive for a house that pointing college understudies by notice on London Free Press. A portion of the adversaries are around the college, for example, Western insight. The Gazette. Direction Week Packages and Immobile Poster Campaigns. The likeness of these media is they are simpler to make out the understudies. Be that as it may. the money related estimation of ad is non reasonable. The money related an incentive in the Western News is gone from $ 31. 64 for a two-inch-wide advertizement to $ 497. 20 for a full half page. Advertisement in the Gazatte for one hebdomad extended from $ 120. 40 for one sixteenth of a page to $ 1. 430 for a full page. An expense for â€Å"Welcome to Western† and set business’s logo on the 5. 000 wash packs given to first year recruit students is $ 3. 000. The expense of stationary posting runs in the Western is $ 110 every month because of the figure of casings and explicit areas. Contrasted with these customary ad media. non simply does our product is originative. in any case, we other than spare expenses. Overall. college students are attached to new things. this kind of ad would pull increasingly significant sentiments contrasted with the standard. Besides. Kiai is an organization which has a five star research of the Western students including segment of the Western. it will be a solid preferred position to those houses which experienced little toward the Western. DistributionThere are 5 distinct methods of dissemination for our company’s stock. First. a public expo called Bridge to Better Business would be held in London for two yearss in August. It gives nearby little concern owner to display their stocks to around 500 to 1500 chaperons. Plants would hold to fix our ain show. lighting and signage at an expected expense of $ 250. Second. the Small Business Center ( SBC ) in London. gives concern owners some worry exercises that we genuinely need. Yet, the expense of rank at the SBC is non economical and we need to distribute off instructive booklets and concern cards. So this could be the alternative. Notwithstanding. the SBC other than hold workshops. organizing occasions. courses and meet-and-welcome occasions for neighborhood concern owners to talk. Factories will go to a lower breaking point of 20 Sessionss to â€Å"get his name and the worry out there† . also, he would other than distribute off concern cards to forthcoming customers. At that point. we utilize the most conventional strategy which is immediate gross incomes. Plants would pass on at any rate 100 transcripts of educational booklet and 250 concern cards. fliping to neighborhood concern owners up close and personal or cold pitching them. Finally. we will build up an expert site for conceivable customer. on history of we are another organization proficient site would help us secure much-need believability for future turn of events. * Threat and chance analysisThe hazard would be the expense of running a gathering. The entirety of the prophase cost will be bought ourselves. In add-on. the crew is non so enormous that we don’t have satisfactory work power to actualize all pieces of our anxiety. The conventional ad media, for example, paper. TV. communicate medium station would be a huge test for us. For chance examination. on the one manus. the administration we give is distant from everyone else. no 1 does previously. it is an originative things which could pull additionally going to in college students. On the different manus. we got a top notch research of the Western understudies segment. We could reach and see more than different organizations outside of the Western. * Aims and situating schemeIn the accompanying 1 twelvemonth after get bringing down the Kiai concern. making a total compensation end of $ 5. 000 for the twelvemonth. be comfortable with at any rate 80 % Western understudies and permit them cognize Kiai’s administrations. at any rate 50 % students seting promotions in their PC palpebras. Our administrations is separated from everyone else. the college students would simpler to acknowledge this kind of advertizement. It is common and productive for both the understudies and the advertizer. * Marketing plan and tacticsAlthough it is difficult to mensurate the effectivity of another ad run. we are certain that Kiai’s signifier of notice would accomplish progressively important sentiments contrasted with the model. progressively customary advertizements offered by the opposition. For the ground those organizations experienced difficulty making the college segment. which Kiai has. We intend to cover more than 50 % fame at the Western. more than 30 % in London. pull in excess of 100 advertizers. inquire about new building that could utilize and take more helpful than now. * Action plan†Find advertizer fitting to the conveyance of the selling program. †Advertise in the Western including seting up postings. passing out concern cards. publicize on the facebook chirrup and university’s site. expressing companions and understudies at the Western. †Runing the worry with the advertizer and understudies. go about as a mediator man of issues. * BudgetsTrade shows $ 250Small Business Center Networking $ 360Websites $ 750Informational booklets $ 50Transcripts of posting ( 50 x 0. 5 + 50 ten 0. 25 ) $ 37. 5Business cards $ 50Hire workers ( 4 x 500 ) $ 2. 000Others $ 1. 000Entire $ 4497. 5 * ControlsFollowing halting point to the line of the spending that recorded previously. don’t abundance the financial plan. expanding the advantages.

How to Save Money on ADHD Medications

How to Save Money on ADHD Medications ADHD Treatment Print How Parents Can Save Money on ADHD Medications By Vincent Iannelli, MD facebook Vincent Iannelli, MD, is a board-certified pediatrician and fellow of the American Academy of Pediatrics. Dr. Iannelli has cared for children for more than 20 years. Learn about our editorial policy Vincent Iannelli, MD Medically reviewed by a board-certified physician Updated on February 04, 2020 ADHD Overview Symptoms Causes Diagnosis Treatment Living With In Children Paul Bradbury / Getty Images While they are very convenient and work well for most children, once-a-day ADHD medicines can be rather expensive. Many families without insurance and prescription drug benefits cannot afford these medicines, which include Adderall XR, Daytrana, Concerta, or Vyvanse. Even with insurance coverage, high prices can be very taxing on a family budget. Generic ADHD Medications Choosing a generic medicine over a name-brand one is often a good way to save money on prescription drugs. Unfortunately, there are few inexpensive versions of these ADHD medicines that can be taken just once a day. There are generic versions of both Adderall and Ritalin, but they are short-acting and typically have to be taken at least twice a day. If you or your child is able to take a generic version, you will likely pay (before insurance or any coupons): Amphetamine salt combo (generic Adderall) $85 to $120 for 60 tabletsMethylphenidate (generic Ritalin) $75 to $90 for 60 tabletsDexmethylphenidate (generic Focalin) $85 to $100 for 60 tabletsAmphetamine salt combo XR (generic Adderall XR) $180 to $200 for 30 capsulesMethylphenidate ER (generic Concerta) $250 for 30 tabletsDexmethylphenidate XR (generic Focalin XR) $200 for 30 capsules Still, these are all bargains when you consider that a month of Vyvanse can cost well over $300. Saving Money on ADHD Medication In addition to choosing generic ADHD medication when you can, there are other money-saving strategies that may help. Shop Around Prices at different pharmacies can vary by $25 to $40 or more depending on the medication. Use a drug pricing site, such as GoodRx, to look for the best prices on your medications. Ask Your Doctor for Help Ask your pediatrician for a 90 day supply, which is sometimes a little cheaper (and also allows you to lock in a good price for three months if you find one). Talk with your doctor about avoiding name-brand ADHD medications without generics, such as Strattera, Vyvanse, Daytrana, and Quillivant XR. And remember that in some cases, your doctor can give you free samples of medicines so you can try them and see if they work for your child. Look for Coupons or Patient Assistance Programs Coupons are available for many name brand ADHD medications that dont have generic versions. You can find coupons on GoodRx or by checking the manufacturers website. Manufacturers may have their own patient assistance programs, or you can check to see if you are eligible for a broader prescription assistance program, such as NeedyMeds. Get a Prescription Discount Card Prescription drug discount cards are similar to patient assistance programs in that they can help reduce the prices of many drugs you purchase. You can use them as a supplement to any insurance coverage you have and some, such as FamilyWize, are open to anyone, regardless of income. Use Caution Dont try to save money by ordering an ADHD medication from an illegal or foreign website, which will simply put your child at risk. In addition to getting scammed out of your money, you may receive a contaminated or counterfeit product, the wrong product, or an incorrect dose. Also avoid unproven or non-evidence based treatments, which will likely end up costing you more in the long run.

Noble Gases List

The elements in the last column or group of the periodic table share special properties. These elements are noble gases, sometimes called inert gases. Atoms belonging to the noble gas group have completely filled their outer electron shells. Each element is non-reactive, has high ionization energy, electronegativity near zero, and a low boiling point. Moving down the group in the periodic table from top to bottom, the elements become more reactive. While helium and neon are practically inert and are gases, the elements further down the periodic table more readily form compounds which are more easily liquefied. Except for helium, all of the names of the noble gas elements end with -on. Elements in the Noble Gas Group Helium  (He, atomic number 2) is an extremely light, inert gas at room temperature and pressure. The liquid form of the element is the only liquid known to man that cannot be solidified, no matter how low the temperature drops. Helium is so light it can escape the atmosphere and bleed away into space.Neon  (Ne, atomic number 10) consists of a mix of three stable isotopes. The element is used to make signs and gas lasers and as a refrigerant. Neon, like helium, is inert under most conditions. However, neon ions and unstable clathrates are known. Like all noble gases, neon glows a distinctive color when excited. The characteristic reddish-orange glow of signs comes from excited neon.Argon  (Ar, atomic number 18) in nature is a mixture of three stable isotopes. Argon is used in lasers and to provide an inert atmosphere for welding and chemicals, but it can form clathrates and has been known to form ions. Argon is heavy enough that it doesnt readily escape Earths gravity, so it is present in appreciable concentrations in the atmosphere.Krypton  (Kr, atomic number 36) is a dense, colorless, inert gas. Its used in lasers and lamps.Xenon  (Xe, atomic number 54) in nature consists of a mix of stable isotopes. The pure element is inert and non-toxic, but it forms compounds that may be colored and are toxic because they display strong oxidizing tendencies. Xenon is encountered in everyday life in xenon lamps such as strobe lamps and some vehicle headlamps.Radon  (Rn, atomic number 86) is a heavy noble gas. All of its isotopes are radioactive. Although colorless under ordinary conditions, radon is phosphorescent as a liquid, glowing yellow and then red.Oganesson (Og, atomic number 118) presumably would behave like a noble gas but would be more reactive than the other elements in the group. Only a few atoms of oganesson have been produced, but it is believed that it will be a liquid or solid at room temperature. Oganesson is the element with the highest atomic number (mostly protons) on the periodic table. It is extremely radioactive.

Charles Dickens A Great Writer - 1105 Words

Alex Broussard Broussard 1 Coach Masson English 2/ hour 3 8 October 2015 Remembering Charles Dickens Charles Dickens is a famous author who wrote numerous books which were enjoyed by many throughout the years. His books are known xquisite characters and real-life settings. Charles experienced difficult times as a young boy (â€Å"Charles Dickens† par. 7). These difficult times followed him throughout his life. He uses ideas from these struggles to express his feelings through the books he writes. The many struggles of Charles Dickens’ early childhood greatly influenced his writing, making him a great novelist from the Victorian times. Charles Dickens had many early life struggles. His father was†¦show more content†¦8). When his father was released from prison, Charles went to Wellington House Academy where he Broussard 2 attended school from 1824 to 1827 until his dad was imprisoned again for debt. He expresses these feelings of despair and loneliness in his novels and short stories. Many of these pieces, like â€Å"Great Expecta tions† and â€Å"Oliver Twist†, reference the poor and the oppressed (Merriman par. 5). Charles Dickens’ novel â€Å"A Christmas Carol† displays his feelings about being poor during Christmas time. Charles references Scrooge’s nephew as a poor child, and Scrooge asks his nephew what he has to be merry about when he doesn’t have any money (Dickens, â€Å"A Christmas Carol† 4). â€Å"The forces that inspired Dickens to create a powerful, impressive and enduring tale were the profoundly humiliating experiences of his childhood, the plight of the poor, and their children during the boom decades of the 1830s and 1840s† (A Christmas Carol par. 5). Charles’ family grew up poor and Christmas time is typically not a good time for people who do not have money. Dickens used his story â€Å"A Christmas Carol† to voice his feelings about the poor during Christmas time while he was growing up (â€Å"A Christmas Carol† par . 4). Charles Dickens uses people from his life as character references for his books. For example, Charles uses his childhood memories of his father as one of the character references in â€Å"A Christmas Carol†. â€Å"While Dickens’

Audio Lingual Method Free Essays

string(153) " particular structure of sentence is spoken and learners repeat the sentence, mimicking its sound patterns and intonation, and aiming for identicalness\." 1 GGGV 2044 METHODS IN TEACHING ENGLISH AS A SECOND LANGUAGE Semester 2 2009/2010 AUDIO-LINGUAL METHOD: A DISCUSSION (INDIVIDUAL ASSIGNMENT) LECTURER: DR. HAMIDAH BT. YAMAT @ AHMAD LISA KWAN SU LI A123040 TESL/2 2 1. We will write a custom essay sample on Audio Lingual Method or any similar topic only for you Order Now 1 INTRODUCTION The Audio-lingual Method (ALM), by its very name – â€Å"audio† and â€Å"lingual† – refers to a language teaching approach that focuses on two aspects of language, namely listening and speaking. Unlike its predecessor, the Grammar Translation Method, which focuses on reading and writing skills, this approach chooses to emphasize on the first two stages in the natural order of language learning (listening, speaking, reading followed by writing) with the belief that learners who are better speakers and listeners consequently make better readers and writers. The ALM has a firm foundation in the theories of both structural linguistics and behavioural psychology, and thus incorporates techniques and strategies that advocate the concepts and assumptions of language learning from both schools of thought. The structural linguistics view of language learning says that language is learned through awareness and specific attention to the patterns and structure of the language. One of the ALM’s main characteristics is its use of repetition and drills that draw learners’ attention to the patterns of the target language which are subsequently memorized and repeated to automaticity. Language learning from the view of behavioural psychology on the other hand, occurs by conditioning and habit formation of accurate responses to stimuli. The right response for a stimulus is modelled by the teacher beforehand and then drilled into the learners repeatedly until such responses become a â€Å"habit† that enables learners to successfully produce accurate responses without clues or prompting by the teacher. This discussion aims to further understand the Audio-lingual Method and explore the advantages and disadvantages of employing it in the second language classroom. The author als o puts out her recommendations for the use of the ALM in the second language classroom. 2. 1 HISTORY By the first half of the twentieth century, the Direct Method had lost its popularity in the U. S. However, it is believed that the decline of the Direct Method brought about the emergence of the ALM. As Brown (2001) puts it: â€Å"†¦ by the middle of the twentieth century, the Direct Method was revived and redirected into what was probably the most visible of all language teaching â€Å"revolutions† in the modern era, the Audio-lingual Method. † The U. S. educational institutions at the time still believed that a reading approach like the Grammar Translation Method was more practical than an oral one. Therefore the 1930s and 1940s saw the Grammar Translation Method going strong in all schools across the U. S. However, after World War II, the U. S. saw an urgent need for her to be orally proficient in the language of her allies as well as foes. This led to a drastic change in 4 the current view of language teaching from a mere reading approach to one with a heavier emphasis on aural and oral skills. Special intensive language programs were developed by the U. S. army which came to be known as the Army Specialized Training Program (ASTP), or more simply, the Army Method. In the 1950s, the Army Method was renamed the Audiolingual Method. 3. 1 PRINCIPLES OF ALM Some of the main principles of language learning in the ALM are stated by Alkhuli 2005 (as cited by Abdel-Rahman Abu-Melhim in the International Forum of Teaching and Studies). One of these principles is that the second language learning process should be similar to that of first language acquisition. This complies with the natural order of language learning which is listening, speaking, reading and finally, writing. It is believed that the learner first learns to speak what he has listened to, then read what he has spoken, and write what he has read. Therefore, the ALM emphasizes on listening and speaking skills in order to facilitate the progress of reading and writing skills besides increasing communicative competency. Another principle is that the second language is best acquired by habit formation. A habit is created when an action is repeated and is subsequently produced 5 in response to certain stimuli almost without conscious activity. This is achieved via the repetitive pattern practices that are part and parcel of the ALM. Translation of the target language into the native language is considered harmful and will hinder acquisition of the second language. Such translations are believed to impede the mastery or control of the second language. When the target language is used in all circumstances in the classroom, learners learn to make direct connections between the vocabulary and its semantics in the target language itself, which is ideal for effective second language learning. However, these principles are merely assumptions. Counter-arguments include: second language learning is completely different from native language acquisition in many different aspects. In addition, the natural order of language learning that the ALM stresses on is irrelevant because the four language skills can be developed simultaneously rather than sequentially. The learning of a second language is not necessarily a process of habit formation where responses are elicited by stimuli, but also involves the cognitive. Finally, translation into the native language has proven a useful technique indeed in learning a second language, demonstrated in methods such as the Grammar Translation Method. 4. 1 MAIN FEATURES As aforementioned, the ALM follows the natural order of language learning. The use of repetitive drills is justified in shaping a new â€Å"habit† for learning the second 6 language. Stimuli-responses are expected and correct ones are immediately reinforced as conditioning, concurrent with the views of behavioural psychology. The native language also plays a minimal role in the ALM. Only the target language is used within the classroom by both teacher and learners. New material in the target language is also introduced in dialogue form, closest to a natural situational context for learners to gain communicative competence and skills. Modeling is done by the teacher whereby a particular structure of sentence is spoken and learners repeat the sentence, mimicking its sound patterns and intonation, and aiming for identicalness. You read "Audio Lingual Method" in category "Papers" Slips in learners’ pronunciation of words in the sentence are immediately corrected by the teacher to avoid formation of â€Å"bad habits†. Grammar rules are not taught explicitly but are expected to be induced by the learners through the various examples and patterns that are exposed to them during the lesson. Contrastive analyses are also done between the native language and the target language in order to draw learner’s attention to differences in pattern, structure and sound system of both languages. 5. 1 TECHNIQUES There are many techniques employed in the classroom that advocate the underlying principles (or assumptions) of the ALM, and are also based on the aforementioned two main schools of thought for the said method. 7 One of the main techniques used is of introducing new learning material in the form of a dialogue. A model conversation is analyzed, broken down and memorized through mimicry. Dialogues are seen as a natural conversational ontext that will aid learners in applying learned structures and vocabulary. Many drills are used in the ALM. The backward build-up drill (expansion drill) breaks down a difficult sentence into smaller parts. Usually the last phrase of the sentence is repeated by the learners and then parts are added on, or expanded, until learners are able to repeat the complete sentence without further trouble. Single-slot substitution drills require the learners to substitute in cues given by the teacher into a particular slot in the sentence. Multiple-slot substitution drills on the other hand, require a higher level of competence from the learners. Learners must recognize particular slots within the sentence to substitute the cues given by the teacher, occasionally having to alter subject-verb agreements as well. Other drills include the repetition drill, chain drill, transformation drill and question-and-answer drill. (Refer to Appendix A) 6. 1 ADVANTAGES As compared to an extreme method like the Grammar Translation Method, where reading and writing are so stressed on that speaking and listening skills are neglected, ALM does develop the aural/oral skills of learners. Learners through the ALM are able to participate in situational contexts competently. 8 In addition, learners are more aware of the phonetic aspects of the language. Through modeling and mimicry, learners pay more attention to proper pronunciation and intonation. Errors in pronunciation are immediately dealt with, while correct responses are positively reinforced. Learners are sensitive to the intonation and are aware of their different functions of questioning, requesting, pleading etc. Through substitution drills, learners also learn to recognize the borders between the phrases that make up the sentence. They are also exposed to a variety of different sentences that have similar structures through repetition drills as well. Transformational drills help learners familiarize with question tags and their corresponding answers, affirmative and negative sentences and even active and passive ones. Such a wide variety of sentence and question structures serve to enhance learners’ communicative ability. 7. 1 DISADVANTAGES Although the drills that are the ALM’s distinguishing feature may be considered one of its strengths, they are also its weakness. Such drills leave no room for creativity, causing learners to lose interest or feel bored in the classroom. When learners lose their motivation, it negatively affects their progress in second language learning. New vocabulary learned is also limited in context. Instead, the sound system and grammatical patterns are emphasized on more. Learners are taught set phrases in gruel repetition in response to certain questions, where the form and structure are 9 highlighted. Consequently, learners are only drilled to respond correctly with answers that are expected of them without caring much for its meaning. For example, the set phrase, â€Å"Fine, thank you,† is taught as a response to the question â€Å"How are you? † which learners use even when they feel otherwise. This phenomenon is comparable to robots that have no cognition and only give particular responses to particular stimuli! There is rarely any variation in learners’ responses other than the ones that have been taught. Therefore, interaction and dialogue is very schematic and unnatural. In short, communicative competence is still called to question. Learners of the ALM may be able to participate in conversations, but they are rarely spontaneous and it is observed to be rather a case of regurgitating the â€Å"right† responses in a certain situational context from memory. Should they not be able to recall the set phrases that have been learned, they are at a loss as to how to respond to the questions and conversational prompts of the other speaker. 8. 1 RECOMMENDATIONS From the discussion above, it is evident that although communicative competence is insufficient, the ALM drills provide learners with a multitude of structures and grammatical patterns that form the basic foundation for communication. The challenge is to help learners apply the knowledge they have gained to communicating effectively and in a natural manner. 10 However, this cannot be done if drills are continuously insisted upon in the classroom. A degree of flexibility is needed on the part of the teacher to allow spontaneous and natural conversation to take place after drilling them as well. Unguided dialogue practice forces the learners to apply what they have been drilled with into a communicative setting, taking into consideration the meaning of the phrases learnt with relevance to the given situation. Model conversations can still be provided, but spontaneous ones allow for creativity and variety in responding according to the individual learner. Communication becomes more natural. With regards to learner motivation, the responsibility is shouldered by both the teacher and the learners themselves. The teacher needs to, again, be flexible and allow for elements not necessarily ALM-like to be incorporated into the lesson, if only for the sake of breaking the monotone. Drills can still be employed of course, but in more interesting ways like role play and physical activities. In essence, the teacher should be creative in her strategies with the aim of increasing the communicative competency of the learners rather than teach by the book. Learners as well, play a major role in their own learning progress. They should maintain a high level of self-motivation by actively participating in tasks and activities and being attentive at all times. 9. 1 CONCLUSION The ALM definitely has its pros and cons in a second language classroom. However, the disadvantages and negative implications can be overcome if a slightly more eclectic approach to second language teaching is taken. Some teachers may stubbornly hold fast to the rules of the ALM and refuse to stray from it. In such a case, the 11 objective of second language teaching should be questioned. Is one’s loyalty to the method or to the goal of aiding learners in achieving communicative competence? If it is the latter, it does not matter what method is used in the classroom as long as ultimately, learners gain valuable communicative skills. As Celce-Murcia illustrates (as cited by Abdel-Rahman Abu-Melhim in the International Forum of Teaching and Studies): â€Å"Today, language students are considered successful if they can communicate effectively in their second or foreign language, whereas two decades ago the accuracy of the language produced would most likely be the major criterion contributing to the judgment of a student’s success or lack of success. † (1991, p. 125) One single method should never be used exclusively in the classroom because it shall always remain flawed. It is the teacher’s responsibility to determine her teaching goals and appropriate methods to be used; where an eclectic one might better achieve those goals. Therefore, the teacher of a second language must be prepared to modify and adjust her methods to suit the different learning needs of the learners. 12 APPENDIX A Here are examples of the different drills used in the Audio-lingual Method: Repetition drill Repetition drill is the normal drill, usually used to teach the lines of the dialogue. Students are required to repeat after the teacher’s model until they are almost identical. Chain drill The Chain drill uses maybe the first few lines of a simple dialogue. The teacher begins by addressing a student, or asking him a question. The student responds, then turns to the student beside him and asks him a similar question. The second student responds and the chain goes on until each student has participated. This allows for the teacher to check learner’s speech. Transformation drill The teacher may give learners a question, and the learners are then required to formulate an answer from the form of the question given, and vice versa. Or, an affirmative sentence is given and learners need to transform it into the negative. This can be used for teaching active and passive sentences, as well as direct and reported speech. Question-and-answer drill This drill allows for learners to practice answering questions accurately and rapidly. It can also be done the other way round, where the learners form the questions on cue. 13 REFERENCES Abdel-Rahman Abu-Melhim. 2009. Re-evaluating the Effectiveness of the Audiolingual Method in Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages. International Forum of Teaching and Studies 5(2): 1-9. Britto, Rory. 2009. The Dissipation of Methods in ESL: Expanding to Fill the Void. The Journal of Education p. 75-84. Brown, H. Douglas. 2001. Teaching by Principles: An Interactive Approach to Language Pedagogy, p. 13-37. Second edition. New York: Addison Wesley Longman, Inc. Larsen-Freeman, Diane. 2000. Techniques and Principles in Language Teaching. Second edition. New York: Oxford University Press. Savignon, Sandra J. 2001. Communicative Language Teaching. Theory Into Practice 26(4): 235. How to cite Audio Lingual Method, Papers

Similarities and differences of seeing a movie in a movie theater versus watching a movie on a television set in your home Essay Example

Similarities and differences of seeing a movie in a movie theater versus watching a movie on a television set in your home Essay Movies are part of our lives. Watching movies has different impact to different kinds of people, which entails many significant and insignificant contributions to one’s lifestyle. According to â€Å"The American Heritage ® Dictionary of the English Language† (http://www.thefreedictionary.com/movie), â€Å"movie is a form of entertainment that enacts a story by a sequence of images giving the illusion of continuous movement†. Watching it leaves something in the mind of the viewers, may it be information, facts, or any other ideas. Movies have different themes that cater to different viewers. Watching movies can be done using two different medium, in movie theaters or on television. These different media has different impacts due to difference in environment. Movie theaters are designed for viewers who want to see the movie in a larger than life-size picture. Watching it in theaters enables you to experience the impact and quality of the technical aspects of the movie in full blast. It is like being part of the movie while watching it in big screen, which makes the viewing more entertaining. The purpose of a movie is to entertain, that is why theaters exist for viewers to maximize the viewing experience. Watching a movie in theater gives you access to scenes that are possible of deletion on television due to sensitive issues that it entail. In other words, it is left uncut for us to view the whole story unedited. Sometimes, obscene scenes are essential parts of that movie, thus making it less appealing to the viewers when left edited. People who watch movies in theaters h ave the advantage of viewing the movie for the first time or when it became available to the public. We will write a custom essay sample on Similarities and differences of seeing a movie in a movie theater versus watching a movie on a television set in your home specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Similarities and differences of seeing a movie in a movie theater versus watching a movie on a television set in your home specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Similarities and differences of seeing a movie in a movie theater versus watching a movie on a television set in your home specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer But there are also disadvantages. Due to costs incurred by producers in coming up with a movie, some of the burden of costs is passed to the viewers in theaters in the form of entrance fees set by the owners of movie theaters; thus, increasing the expenses of an individual who watched movies, which is deducted from his financial budget. In order to watch a certain movie, you need to spend some money for you to make it possible. The inconvenience it brought due to traveling aspects and the notion that strangers are watching with you on the same place gives you an uneasy feeling when planning to watch on a movie theater. The unfamiliar environment of people gives you a feeling of depriving your privacy due to the fact that you shared that place with other people. The other medium of the viewing experience is through television. Viewers can still watch movies in televisions without costing any amount. Watching the movie of your choice at the comfort of your home is really a good benefit to someone who practically wants to be entertained. You don’t need to get dressed or be presentable due to the fact that you are at your own territory. Not only it saves you money, but it also saves you time and energy because home is where you find yourself relaxed and at peace. Watching movies on television gives you freedom to do whatever you want while watching, leaving you unbothered by other people. Aside from that, you maybe able to watch old movies that you are not practically able to watch when they are publicly released like the classical movies years ago. Movies on television usually are interrupted by commercial gaps, for they are sponsors of particular networks; thus, making the viewing experience boring and time-consuming. Sometimes, some parts of the movies are edited out of the story due to some sensitive issues like pornography and extreme violence. As a result, it became less intense because that deleted parts have some significance to the movie’s totality. Movies are edited to make it viewer-friendly because most television viewers are minors not allowed to watch such thing. Watching movies gives us entertainment and satisfaction that only the particular viewers can explain. It gives lessons and guides to our living. Practically, it adds color to our mind and soul. 693 words

How to Get Over Post College Depression

How to Get Over Post College Depression After graduation from college or high school, many students feel energized and positive. However, there are also students who face severe depressions, emotional breakdowns, and addictions. If you feel that something is wrong with you, and you are confused and lonely, then this article is for you. Our tips will help you recognize the dangerous symptoms of post-graduation depression and pull yourself through this tough period of your life. A disclaimer: the best option would be to turn to a doctor for professional treatment. What Are Post Grad Depression and Its Symptoms? You have been waiting for this moment for a long time. Graduation, diploma, bachelor degree, freedom of choice and self-expression. But after caps thrown in the air, you suddenly realized that you dont know what to do in your life and all of your plans for the future that were so bright and clear yesterday just make no sense today. This is what depression is. A stunning feeling of loneliness and emptiness mixed with confusion and lack of energy to even leave your bed in the morning. A lot of people face crises and depressions during their lives. Psychologists claim that there are common ages when an individual is more subject to various mental disorders, for example, the â€Å"half-life crisis† or â€Å"quarter-life crisis.† The main thing about these conditions is that many people of a certain age have similar problems with sleep, self-esteem, emotional control and finances. By the way, if you are having any problems with finances, you should find out how to manage your finances better after college. The â€Å"quarter-life crisis† commonly occurs around the age of graduating from college. This condition might get even worse due to a stressing situation of being unemployed and confused after the graduation which can compile into a severe depression. The main symptoms of post-college depression are: Being disorganized and unfocused Lacking motivation and energy Being sad or annoyed without a reason Feeling like you are running out of time Feeling miserable and worthless Feeling confused and frustrated Falling into addictions – cigarettes, alcohol, drugs Feeling lonely and abandoned Feeling like a failure If you started to feel like you have too many options to choose from and even after getting your degree you are not sure what you want in your life and considering the option of moving back home, its okay – you are just getting mature. But if you cant find the smallest thing that you enjoy and are constantly unfocused or numb, then you need to start pulling yourself out from this state. How to Fight the Crisis? The first step and the most essential one is to confess the fact that something is wrong with you. If you are reading this article, then you have already done it. Congratulations, your recovery journey starts right now! It’s time to focus. Set Up Your Goals Beating depression is not a quick process. You have to start working through slowly. Think about your dreams and your goals, make a list of them: Your life goals – huge ambitions and dreams – to become a successful specialist in a particular field, to find a dream job, to build a family. Year goals – accomplishments you want to achieve in one year – to get a job after college, to rent the apartment, etc. Monthly goals – realistic goals for one month – to get rid of all unnecessary things in the apartment, to send out your resumes to at least 30 companies, to read a book. Daily goals – small steps to take every day – to make dinner, to clean a wardrobe, to buy groceries. As you can see, the smallest steps you take can lead to larger achievements. It might seem like a waste of time, but the pleasure of crossing out the things that you have accomplished is more satisfying than you might think. Moreover, you will have your plan as a reminder that every day you become closer to making your dreams come true. Make a Meal Plan People in depression have a tendency to skip meals. As a result, they feel even more broken down and tired. You have to force yourself to eat to stay healthy and energized. Make a plan of meals for a week and follow it closely. You can always turn to the resources that might help you in understanding what type of food and how much of it you should consume daily. For example, Eating Well, Abbeys Kitchen, etc. When you dont feel the hunger, its hard to recognize that your body is starving. So, don’t forget to check out tips on how you can eat healthy on a budget. Establish a daily schedule Work on the schedule of your perfect day. Dont lay in bed the whole time, find the strength to get up and start living in the real world. Find the time to go for a walk daily, have your social life, and exercise. Dedicate some time to job hunting and your hobbies. Dont forget about daily meals and your favorite TV shows. And the most important one – go to bed and get up at the same time every day. When you have your day organized, you will realize that your entire life can be organized and structured too, so there are no chaotic activities in it. Try to avoid scrolling social media feed all day long – it doesn’t help you to focus on your accomplishment but distract you from your goals instead. Visit a Doctor The most important piece of advice would be to visit a doctor for a prescribed medication. You might be against pills, but some sedative wont hurt – at least you will sleep well. Moreover, a specialist might advise you to practice certain psychological exercises – yoga, meditation, hypnosis, group therapy, support system, etc. Start changing your life today. You can make your living better if you take a chance. And remember that the state you are in now is not permanent, your future is bright!

Calls To Action

Calls To Action Calls To Action Calls To Action By Maeve Maddox A reader wonders about the plural for a marketing term: Recently the CEO of a company wrote an email to me saying that his software would automatically generate call-to-actions. I am pretty sure he should have written calls-to-action. Am I right? The reader is correct. When pluralizing a compound word that contains more than one noun, the general rule is to make the principal noun plural. In this case, call is the principal noun. The plural is â€Å"calls to action.† The term â€Å"call to action† refers to the part of an advertisement that prompts a consumer to act. In texts intended for readers in the marketing industry, the term is usually written CTA. â€Å"Buy now!† and â€Å"Order now!† are typical CTAs. As â€Å"call to action† does not have an entry in the OED, Merriam-Webster Unabridged, Collins, or the AP Stylebook, I can’t cite one of my usual authorities as to whether the noun form should be hyphenated. My instinct is that it should not. The view expressed in The AP Stylebook reflects the common attitude among publishers: â€Å"The fewer hyphens the better; use them only when not using them causes confusion.† A Web search isn’t much help in discovering which form–hyphenated or non-hyphenated–is more common with â€Å"call to action.† I did find a business blog that plumps for the hyphens: call-to-action, calls-to-action, CTA, CTAs:  Always hyphenate when used as a noun (as in â€Å"call-to-action† or â€Å"calls-to-action†) or an adjective (as in â€Å"call-to-action button† or â€Å"call-to-action manager†). Whenever possible, try to use  CTA  or  CTAs  instead of the hyphenated version (it’s a mouthful!). However, the unhyphenated phrase seems to be the preferred choice in reputable British, Australian, American, and Canadian publications and on government sites. â€Å"Call for action† can be understood without hyphens as a noun, but it does require them when the phrase is used as a modifier. Here are examples of both noun and adjective use: Every website should have a call to action, a response you want users to complete. Does Your White Paper Have a Call to Action? Design and generate  call-to-action buttons  in minutes.   Go plant those call-to-action phrases in your copy and watch your business grow. With or without hyphens, add the -s to call to make the phrase plural. Related post: Compound Plurals Video Recap Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Spelling category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:How Many Tenses in English?Ten Yiddish Expressions You Should KnowI wish I were...

Intellectual Journal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Intellectual Journal - Essay Example According to the prescription of prayer, any true Muslim should attend to prayers during the prescribed times five times a day. If they fail to follow this prescription, they will surely fall into disbelief. I have observed with admiration Muslims observing the daily prayers as required by the Holy Quran. However, from my understanding of God as being spirit, one of the requirements for His worship is that those who worship Him must do so in spirit. Therefore, according to my view of prayer, it is not the frequency of attendance to the Mosque that counts but rather the state of our spirit, whether it is in harmony with the spirit of God or not. As result, the strict observance of prayer in Islam, somehow conflicts with my understanding that God is everywhere and cannot be contained in a particular place or time. Although, from an ecumenical point of view, such an understanding of the obligations of prayer by Muslims will change the perspective I hold in terms of embracing them at wor k or to attend to their spiritual obligations which ensures harmonious existence in society. In her article What everyone should know about Islam and Muslims, Suzzane Haneef (156) considers Zakah as one of the most fundamental elements of prayer and worship in the Islamic faith. It refers to the acts of Muslim worship by means of his or her wealth through an obligatory form of giving to those in need. As mentioned in the above article, â€Å"Islam proclaims that the true owner of everything is not the human being but God who bestows wealth on people out of His beneficence as He sees fit † (Suzzane Haneef 59). According to this statement, contrary to the wealth perspective of non-Muslims who uphold the view that wealth is as a result of their hard work, the true believer of Muslim acknowledges that all wealth they have is from God. There a Muslim should always be filled with gratitude and be ready to offer part of their wealth to those who lack in society. First and foremost, like many non-Muslims, I certainly do not consider it a spiritual obligation to give to the poor. The Islamic obligation of Zakah is conflicting with the belief I hold, that it is fine for one to be filled with compassion towards those in need, but certainly I consider it not to be obligatory. I have always known that society is divided into social classes and it is their sole responsibility to work towards improving their condition of life. I also would consider giving Zakah as an act that may encourage tendencies of laziness in society. For example, I see poor people sitting on the entrance of Mosques waiting for worshipers to give them bread for the day (Maudoodi 54). In most cases, the worshipers do not offer a long lasting solution to the condition of the poor. As a result reading about Zakah concept in Islamic worship provokes thoughts that tend to view it as something that encourages master slave mentalities in society. My understanding of giving is that it is should come nat urally and in a spontaneous manner from the giver. If giving becomes obligatory, it will reach a time when the giver will get tired of giving. My view of giving is that one should give to a person or place or event that has inspired them. According to Suzzane Haneef’s article titled, What everyone should know about Islam and Muslims, family life is considered one of the most emphasized areas in Islam. The Islamic view of marriage, where social contact between young men and young ladies is discouraged, conflicts with my understanding that every young man and lady has a right to social contacts (Haneef 155). From my point of view I consider it important that young men and women be

A Foreign artist in Paris - Pablo Picasso Research Paper

A Foreign artist in Paris - Pablo Picasso - Research Paper Example The research paper "A Foreign artist in Paris - Pablo Picasso" discover one of the most incredible artists of modern era. Pablo Picasso is a famous artist from Spain. Artistic impression may have been passed onto the young Picasso, as his father practiced his specialty of painting especially of naturalistic depictions. This gene was passed from the father, as he proved to be an illustrious professor and curator; this in the city’s School of Crafts and a local museum respectively. This artistic capacity was evident from a young age, to be trained henceforth from the young age of seven years. His father was responsible for his early learning, especially in oil painting and figure drawing. As a traditional instructor and academic artist, his father was of the belief that proper training necessitated the disciplined learning from existing art masters. In addition was the need for skill in drawing the human body from both live models and plaster casts, with Picasso becoming engross ed in art; to the detriment of his schooling. It is after the tragic death of his sister that the family moved to Barcelona. Later, he was admitted in the city’s School of Fine Arts at the age of just 13 years. But his conduct could not sustain him in the center, instead transferring to Madrid’s Royal Academy, which is the nation’s foremost art center. However, his spirit was wild, being unable to sustain his schooling, to later on stop class attendance at the age of 16 years. His focus was henceforth shifted to other areas of interest.

The Genius of Hamlet, the Very Sane Prince of Denmark Essay -- Hamlet

The Genius of Hamlet, the Very Sane Prince of Denmark Hamlet in Shakepeare's The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark is often seen as a lunatic. Lucid and ingenious, Prince Hamlet falls into a state of emotional turmoil, but he is never insane. Hamlet feigns madness to reveal his anguish concerning the two women he used to love - his mother Gertrude and his lover Ophelia. To escape estrangement from his countrymen, Hamlet appears to waver between madness and sanity. And, to avoid moral estrangement, the Prince plans on revenging his father's death under the guise of madness. There is no question that Hamlet feigns insanity, and he does so to voice his emotions to the two closest women in his life, to influence the opinions of his peers, and to plan the revenge of his father's death. With his famous line "frailty, thy name is woman" (I, ii. 146), Hamlet descends into an abyss of emotional turmoil. He loses faith in his mother Queen Gertrude and in his lover Ophelia. Feigning madness, Hamlet is able to make his innermost anguish known to these two important women in his life. Still grieving at his father's death, Hamlet is shocked when his mother Queen Gertrude marries Claudius two months after the King's death. At this point in the play, Hamlet does not feign madness but is genuinely and openly melancholy. As Hamlet explains to his mother, his "inky cloak" shows his grief, but the pain is much deeper. Grief is not a sign of madness. Gertrude feels that her son has greatly changed, for he no longer views her as his mother . Instead, he calls her his â€Å"good-mother† - his step mother. Gertrude marrying her husband's brother is incestuous, and this bestirs feelings of bitterness in Hamlet. However, sinc... ...mark. Unable to speak freely before Queen Gertrude and Ophelia, Hamlet exaggerates his emotional turmoil so that these two women will soften their attitudes towards him and listen to him. Not only does Hamlet wish to win back the hearts of Gertrude and Ophelia, these two women also serve to verify Hamlet's supposed madness to the other characters. Furthermore, Hamlet must hide his rationality and cunning from his peers and from King Claudius so that he may proceed with his revenge plan. Freed from the suspicions of his mother, his lover, his peers, and King Claudius, Hamlet succeeds in avenging his father's death and in remaining sane throughout the play. WORK CITED Shakespeare, William. The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark. In The Norton Shakespeare: based on the Oxford Edition. Edited by Stephen Greenblatt. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, Inc., 1997.

Marketing 4 Ps

â€Å"A STUDY ON ORGANIZATIONAL FUNCTIONS† AT RAHUL MOTORS A project report submitted to SRM University, In partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of The degree of MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINSTARTIONS Submitted by AMIT PRASAD (3511110732) Under the guidance of Mr. G. VENUGOPALAN (Assistant Professor) SRM SCHOOL OF MANAGEMENT SRM UNIVERSITY KATTANKULATHUR CAMPUS KANCHEEPURAM-03 MAY2012-JULY2012 DECLARATIONI AMIT PRASAD do declare that the research report entitled â€Å" A STUDY ON ORGANISATIONAL FUNCTIONS from RAHUL MOTORS in HOOGHLY (WEST BENGAL)† submitted to the SRM UNIVERSITY for the partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Master Of Business Administration is my own endeavor and it has not been submitted earlier to any institution / university for any degree. PLACE: Chennai Date: signature of the candidate AMIT PRASAD REG NO: 3511110732 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT It is a matter of great satisfaction and pleasure to present This Report of RAHUL MOTORS [west Bengal].I take this Opportunity to Owe my thanks to all those involved in my Training. This project report could not have been completed without the Guidance of our director of the company, Avijit Roy and project Venugopalan . Their timely help & encouragement helped me To complete this project successfully. I express my gratitude towards staff of RAHULMOTORS those Who have helped me directly or indirectly in completing the Training. AMIT PRASAD PREFACE When everybody is providing what is expected Fro m him/ he r, the pe rson de livering the U n e x p e c t e d to its customers succeeds in the long run.In Today’s marketplace, it is no longer enough to satisfy the Customers, the manufacturer needs to delight them as well. To Conquer the modern business world one needs to be one-step ahead of its competitors. MBA is combination of both theoretical as well as practical aspects of business and summer training gives a good opportunity to work in a real work environment. Thi s Project report is the result of 8 weeks training at â€Å"RAHUL MOTORS†. It has given me a great exposure and I have found practical work very different from theoretical ones. EXECUTIVE SUMMARYI had an opportunity to take my summer interns project â€Å"RAHUL MOTORS† Hooghly West Bengal. During the project I had a privilege being guided by MR. Avijit Roy, director of The company. The mother business of the company is to buy and Sell auctions Vehicles in the market. The company was setup in 2000 and newly five more companies have been established During the Last years . The tittle of my project was â€Å"a study of organization function†. The objective of choosing these topic was learn how the Work is done in an organization. With great hard work I have tried to show in report how work are being done in the organization .I hope this report will not become the just another academic document but will in all practically prove to be a use full tool for giving direc tion to the RAHUL MOTORS, which is the earnest call from the depth of my heart. AMIT PRASAD RAHUL MOTORS SECRETS OF SUCCESS There are hundreds of business books and number of journals And magazines published every year on successful business Operation. However, in nutshell, it can be distilled in 8 major Secret which are as follows. ? 1st secret is that successful companies are not in business solely for the money. â€Å"Henry Ford† remarked that a company which only makes money is no sort of company at all. Strong culture, faster than other, friendly and goal oriented. ? Try to understand the customers, what customers actually wants that are understand by the company not vague idea, need aspiration and behavior. ? T he y k n o w w h a t i s i mp o rt a n t a n d t h is i s re fl e c t e d i n t h e i r impulsion of their employees. ? Successful companies are persistent and p o w e r f u l communicator. People keep information and bright idea to themselves or communicate with a select few. ? Not a secret at all keep faith in simple practice and principles is the presence of the chosen few. Leader in sense overall activities he control ability and skill. ? Make profit but make customer delight. RAHUL MOTORS BELIEVES IN ? The fact that ‘change ‘is a way of life. ? Absolute market orientation for a quick and positive response to the customer’s needs. ? An uncompromising commitment to a flexible, professional and personalized service from within a stimulating result oriented environment. ? Timely delivery with consistent standards. ? Response approach to the benefits of R&D and the modern technology. ? Having faith in individual potential and respect for human values. ? Being a esponsible corporate citizen with due respect to the laws of the land and its environment. ? Product to be the best available quality for premium market segments. ? These underline the corporate philosophy, which has shaped RAHUL MOTORS OF YESTERDAY and RAHUL MOTOR S OF TODAY. Products to be of the best available quality for premium market segment through TQM an d zero defect implem entation. For achieving in all functional areas, encouraging innovations for constant improvement of the product and service. Having faith in your skill and ability. Always encourage and motivate your group. Believe in loyalty.RAHUL MOTORS CULTURE AND ASPECTS ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Professionalism System Approach Commitment To Quality Excellence With Economy Cost Consciousness Human Resource Regarded As Valuable Asset Emphasis On Teaching and Development Preference To Human Value Management By Participation Open Door Policy In Sharing Ideas And Suggestions Group Synergy Emphasis on effective communication and coordination Managerial strength and acceptance to change Cordial Environment Customer Focus Honor And Reward ? ORGANISATION STRUCTURE BOARD OF DIRECTOR S CHAIRMAN/ MANAGING DIRTECTOR VICE PRESIDENTMANAGER STAFF SUB STAFF FIG (1. 0) REVIEW IN LITERATURE OF MARKETING In the sequence of strategic analysis and decision, â€Å"marketing mix† falls after various external and internal environmental analysis such as SWOT analysis and even formulation of competitive strategies . marketing mix is an interpretive concept in modern marketing and academically it is referred to as the set of controllable tools that the firm blend to produce the responses it wants in the target market. So, it consists of everything that the firm can do to influence the demand for their product. t is important to release that marketing mix of any company have can have one major functions that is strategic communication of the organization with the customers. It was further argued that marketing mix provides multiple paths can be achieved in written form or through communication (advertising and selling etc) or many more symbolic forms. However the key element is that the main aspects of marketing mix that will be discussed below â€Å"should not be seen as individual entities but as the set of Interrelated entities which has to be set in conjunction with one another.Main aspects of marketing mix The earliest way to know marketing is through more famous synonym â€Å"4p’s of marketing† the classification of first marketing mix was first introduce and suggested by mccarthy and includes marketing strategies product, price, place promotions . the following diagram is useful in determing the 4p’s in marketing mix. ? PRODUCT In simpler terms product consists of all features and combination of goods that the company offers to its customers . LAZER argued that the most important aspects for main two reasons.The very first is the product are the expressions for the company determining the link with the customers. so the product policy and strategy are the prime importance to an enterprise. Secondly, it is imperative to realize that the product of any company is a both component and determinant of marketing mix as it Hs a great influence in other marketing mix. So, without a proper policy a company cannot pursue for the further element of marketing mix. ? PRICE Pricing is basically a setting of price for a product or service Offered. n simplest way kotler have describe price that an amount of money paid by the customers for a product. Generally pricing strategy has been divided into two parts price determination and price administration. Pricing determination refers to as the process and activities employed to arrive at a price for a product within the same line and differences in price for a similar product. On the other hand price price for a similar product. On the other hand price administration refers to the activities in fitting basic price to a particular sales situations such as local , function performed by the customers or special sales situations. PLACES Places under marketing mix compromises all company activities that make the product to the targeted customers . based on the various fa ctors such as sales, communication , contractual considerations various ways of making product available. On a general note while planning a placement under marketing mix strategy company follow six different strategy for the placement some of the strategy are choosing single or multiple distribution channels, the type of intermediaries to use on quality and reputations. ? PROMOTIONSPromotional strategy include all through which a company communicates the benefits and values of its product. The best way of understating these p is through the concept of the marketing communication process. The actual message is the advertisement or sales presentations the destinations of potential customers. CONCLUSION At last I can conclude that the company have reached the Maturity level in the market and the proper strategies and ideas Can reach the goal which the company wants to achieve. The Utilization of resource and manpower can also achieve benefits For the growth of the company.The organiza tion function of the company is a important part of Any organization. RAHUL MOTORS have a very planned functions that are played in the company. RECOMMENDATION ? The company should have its own website, as it helps to locate more customers. ? The location of the corporate office should be changed to the heart of the city. ? The company should make a investments on proper advertisements to capture major part of markets. ? The customers should be always be acknowledged about the new product of the company. BUSINESS ASSOCIATES OF THE COMPANYAs the company is rising day by day the companies have Collaborated with differentleading companies who are the Business leaders in the market of west Bengal. The associates Are generally banks and Insurance company who does the Businesswith RAHUL GROUP of companies. The associates of the company are helping RAHUL MOTORS in different ways by providing funds to the Company. The company presently going to collaborate with more companies , now presentl y companies is working with some of the leading of the companies are as follows- ? MAGMA FINCORP LTD ?CITICORP FINANCE INDIA LTD ? RELIGARE FINVEST LTD ? TATA CAPITAL LTD ? RELIGARE CAPITAL LTD ? KOTAK MAHINDRA BANK LTD ? INDUSIND BANK LTD ? NEW INDIA ASSURANCECOMPANY LTD ? BAJAJ ALLIANZ GENENAL INSURANCE COMPANY LTD ? ICICI LOMBARD GENERAL INSURANCE CO. LTD MARKET SHARE OF THE COMPANY RAHUL MOTORS -15% OTHERS- 85% Market Share Rahul Motor Others FIG-2. 0 GROWTH OF THE COMPANY 6 5 4 Axis Title 3 Growth 2 1 0 2008 2009 2010 Axis Title 2011 2012 FIG-3. 0 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 56 lac 70 lac 01 cr 02 cr 05 cr (TARGET) GEOGRAPHICAL AREA Urban, 12%Semi-Urban, 48% Rural, 40% FIG-4. 0 COMPTEITIORS OF THE COMPANY A company when gets into business, they need tackle many things . the most important problem company need to face is that, the competitors need to be careful with their ideas and strategy. As in the case of RAHUL MOTORS the company need to face many competitors . RM have their di fferent strategy for the against company . During the past years the company have growned many opponents in their business . some of the major competitors of RAHUL MOTORS are as follows- LAXMI MOTORS AMIT MOTORS DILIP SAHA & COMPANYThese are some of the major opponents of the company. FIVE YEAR PLAN OF THE COMPANY On the basis of the company progress reports and with the help of the past records, company has planned to grow the company and become the major player in the market. The company have different ideas and plan for their new and existing product. The company is planning to grow their field in finance sector that is the company have an idea to get into the loan business. For an example the bank provides loan on the basis of the needs of Customers. Some of the major plans of the companies which are as follows- They are going start a new venture which would provide funds to the customers against gold, which is a new form funding system for the customers , which is also known as gold loan. ? Next plan of the company is to make the company a private Limited company which would help the company to grew Faster in the market . These are some of the above plans of the company . the most Important step the company is going to take in the future is that, The company is going to grow their business with their own funds which means own funding for the company, which is the crucial step the company is going to take for their future business.GEOGRAPHICAL AREA The geographical shows the optimum areas of business of the Company. The Data provided by the company was significant for me to analyze the areas where the company has more Percentage of Customersandless. In others words, we can say that the company the company’s market capture in West Bengal. A graphical presentation have showed that how the company has captured the market. Some of the areas of the company areas are as follows- ? Semi-urban areas : 48% ? Rural areas : 40% ? Urban areas: 12 % These are so me of the areas where the company have capture the market GROWTH OF THE COMPANYDuring the last 5 years , the company have shown positive Growth without having any decline in any of the business. In 2008 the net investment was around 56 lakhs and now in 2012 the company have invested around 5 corers. The total investments shows the progress of the company. The net total investments was taken of last 5year to obtained a Graphical (fig-2. 0) representation regarding the growth of the company. HUMAN RESOURCE POLICY OF THE COMPANY The RAHUL GROUP Human Resource department plays a very Significant and important role to keep the link between the Employees and management.The company have strict and Convenient policy for the employee’s . the company’s Management always showed their employees that they are the Assets of the companies and the employees also feel homely Environment in the offices . some of the companies HR policy Which are as follows, ? LEAVE POLICY †¢ The em ployee can take 12 leaves in a year subject to approval of the authority. Before taking any leave, employee has to apply for leave at least three days prior for one/two leave and for long leave apply minimum ten days. If anybody is found taken leave without approval, his/her leave will be treated as LOP (Loss of pay). Six leaves can be enchased after completing the year. Its includes medical/illness. However, special medical cases will be taken into consideration. Employee can take half day leave for his personal work. ? ATTENDANCE POLICY †¢ Employee has to be present within 10. 30 a. m. and sign the Attendance register book immediately. After 10. 30 nobody will be given permission to sign thereof and the employee will be marked as â€Å"Late† for this day. †¢ Leave related record will be taken from the register book. If any employee does not sign for specific day and demand after some days that this is person was present on that day.His/her demand will be strictly rejected. †¢ If any employee is found late for three days in a month, one leave will taken from his/her leave account. †¢ If anybody has face any problem or have any urgent work in the morning, he/she come late for that day but subject to approval of the authority. He/she has to inform for that matter. Without information his/her attendance will be marked as late. If anybody is found present all working day within 10. 30 a. m. and leave office 7. 00 p. m. , he/she will be will be rewarded for his/her punctuality and dedication for the work. PERFORMANCE APPRAISALS The performance review is done bi-yearly in the organization The promotions in the organization are usually governed by the following factors: †¢ How well an employee performed in his / her present job. †¢ How much potential an employee has for future responsibilities. †¢ How much additional knowledge he / she have acquired for further advancement. †¢ Personal attribute, work habits, attitude t owards self and others, ability to get along with the team, leadership qualities, personal contribution to the success of the company determines his / her competence for promotion.Feedback given by all those who work with the employee such as his / her superiors, subordinates, peers and the customers. ? EMPLOYEES RECREATIONS Birthdays and parties are organized for the employees on Specific day and month . Arrangement are done by the Companies HR. The main motive of these parties in the Company is to change the environment of work to Something different the parties includes all the employees Including directors of the company. On the other hand Picnic is also organized every year for the companies Employees which is an compulsory event organized by HR Team of the company. MARKET RESEARCHMarket research often refers to either primary or secondary Research. Secondary research involves a company using Information compiled from various sources which is about new or existing product. Prim ary research involves qualitative research and quantative research as well as field taste and observations conducted for tailored specifically to that product. Primary research which is also called field research or original research is useful for finding information’s and getting customers views and feedback. During the survey for my report I visited many of the customers who are the new and also the exiting customers.While communicating with them I analyzed that Rahul motors always try to ststisfy their customers in any circumstances , for an example the company provide easy monthly installments {EMI} for the vehicles . As the current scenarios of the market I observed in the west Bengal is that, the customers don’t want invest on the new Vehicles as because the interest rate and the subsidy on the Vehicles are very high. So they are going for the used vehicles. Here the Rahul motor is playing a great role towards the Customers by financing the vehicles at low intere st rate and Good offers.Rahul motors always segmented their customers in Different categories which makes the easy to deal with the Customers. The company can provide the product what the Customers for his/her use. Market research resulted that the Company have generated the maturity stage in the market and it seems the decline stage would not come for these company . MARKET SHARE OF THE COMPANY The total market share of the company is about 15% throughout West Bengal, which is being assumed by the company. After Analyzing the company annual report it has shown progress During the last years.Therefore the company has targeted more Profits in the coming year for the development. From the data provided by the company. A graphical (1. o) diagram Has been obtained and which made easy to make an Analysis of the total market share. MISSION OF THE COMPANY Every company has wish and goal which they always want to Fulfill. RAHUL GROUP OF COMPANIES have some target And also dreams which they want to achieve during the past Years some of the target of the company is as follows- ? The very first dream of the company is to get the no. position in the market. ? They want to spread their business in the different states of India. ? As they are expanding their business they are going to recruit employees for their companies. OBJECTIVE This study is done in keeping following objectives in view: ? To find out the present status of the automobile industries in India. ? To study the market research of automobile industries. ? To study the distribution and the marketing strategy adopt by the automotive industries. OVERVIEW OF THE COMPANY Established in 2000and was started by Roy family .It is a family Owned business , The Shareholders of the company are the Family members, ? Ranjit Roy ? Avijit Roy ? Indrajeet Roy They are the directors of the company . The mother business of The company is to buy the vehicles from the auctions ,For an Example they buy those vehicles whose install ments cannot be Paid by the customers and generally the vehicles are taken by The insurance company or the vehicles which customers want To Sell they buy those cars also, For these work they have 100+ Employees all over west Bengal and their target is to recruit to more Than 500+ employees for the company within 2 years.They started with one company and within {2000}now they have groups of company which are as follows, ? RAHUL MOTORS Nature of business is to buy and sell auctions vehicles in the market, they generally sell the commercial vehicle like trucks. ? TANVI PARKING The actual motive of these company is to provide parking place to the private vehicles. ? RITISHA MOTOR GARAGE The garage provides all kinds of repairs to the customers vehicles by using the proper manpower and engineers for the vehicles . ? RAHUL MOTOR FINANCE This company is one of the oldest non-banking and financial services organizations in West Bengal.Through a globalize network linked by advance technology , including a rapidly growing e-commerce capability, Rahul Motors provides a comprehensive financial starting financing old and new vehicles. ? RAHUL RELCON PVT. LTD This is a new organization of RAHUL GROUP of companies. Rahul relcon is a construction company who builds apartments and flat for the customers. As it new company in the group, It need to face many competitors in the market. PRODUCT OF THE COMPANY A tangible object or intangible services that is mass produced or manufactured on a large scale with specific units.The product of Rahul motors is a tangible object as their product is the commercial vehicles for example car and trucks. They actually deal in the old and used vehicles for their business. The company does the hard job to get the vehicles . their main out sourcing is to get the vehicles from the auctions and the also the scraps vehicles, which they refurnished it once again and after that they get back to the customers. PRICE OF THE COMPANY The price is the amoun t a customer for the product. It is Determined by a number of factor including market share , Competitions, material cost etc. he business may increase or Decrease the price of product if other stores have the same Product. In the case of Rahul motors the price is the main factor for them they always provide the vehicles in a reasonable rate and even they provide financing options for the customers. Rahul motors always give their customers value for money and the company also help the customers several ways like free service and many more. PROMOTIONS OF THE COMPANY Promotions represent all of the communications that a marketer may use in the market place. Promotions has four distinct element which are as follows- ? ? ? ?Advertising Public relations Word of mouth Point of sale Rahul motors always follow all above the policy. The company does not invest in any advertisement as because it can make extra investments on the company . the main outsourcing of the company is the employees w ho communicates with the customers who are willing to buy and sale their vehicles. These system help the company to get directly to the customers. PLACE OF THE COMPANY Place represents the locations where a product can be Purchased. It is often referred to as the distribution channel It can include any physical store as well as virtual stores on the internet.The company generally deal in the Commercial vehicles so they have targeted the semi urban Areas of the state where they find maximum number of Customers for their product. REVIEW IN LITERATURE OF HUMAN RESOURCE Every business unit needs human resource (manpower) for the conduct of different business activities. In fact, no organisation can exist or operate efficiently without the support of human resource. Such human resource includes top level managers, executives, supervisors and other subordinate / lower level staff / employees.A business organisation has to estimate its future manpower needs and adjust its manpower planning and development programmes accordingly. This is called ‘staffing' function of management. Human resource management is also described as personnel management or manpower management. According to Edwin Flippo, â€Å"Personnel Management is the planning, organizing , directing and controlling of the procurement, development, compensation, integration and maintenance of people for the purpose of contributing to organizational, individual and social goals†.Various areas such as recruitment and selection, wage payment and industrial l relations are covered under human resource management. Human Resource Development Human Resource Development (HRD) means to develop available manpower through suitable methods such as training, promotions, transfers and opportunities for career development. HRD programmes create a team of welltrained, efficient and capable managers and subordinates. Such team constitutes an important asset of an enterprise. One organisation is different from a nother mainly because of the people (employees) working therein. According to Peter F .Druker, â€Å"the prosperity, if not the survival of any business depends on the performance of its managers of tomorrow. † The human resource should be nurtured and used for the benefit of the organisation. Human resource is most important resource in management and needs to be used efficiently. This is because success, stability and growth of an organisation depend on its ability in acquiring, utilizing and developing the human resources for the benefit of the organisation. In the final analysis, it is the people (i. e employees) who produce promising results and generate a climate conductive to the growth and development of an organisation.HR is a highly productive corporate asset and the overall performance of companies and corporations depends upon the extent to which it is effectively developed and utilised. It is the most delicate factor of production and need not be treated merely a s a commodity to be bought and used in factories. According to Peter Drucker, â€Å"The function of management is to manage managers, workers and work†. The importance of manpower in business management is now universally accepted. Employees have a capacity to grow and develop, if suitable opportunities are offered.They give positive response to monetary and nonmonetary incentives, training opportunities, favorable work environment and motivation. According to Pigors and Myers, â€Å"Good management means getting effective results with people†. This suggests the importance of human resource. Human resource is certainly important even in this age of extensive use of computer technology. This is because machine cannot be used as a substitute for human brain which has capacity to think, assess and react. It is correct to say that man is a power rather than man has a power.Progressive / professional managements invest huge funds on training and development of human resourc e and this suggests the importance of human resource and its contribution in industrial and economic development. Professionally managed companies in India such as Larsen and Toubro Ltd, TELCO, Reliance, etc. , give specia l importance and good attention to HRD. CHAPTER 1 HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT CHAPTER 2 MARKETING MIX BIBLIOGRAPHY ? MARKETING MANAGEMENT by Philip kotler ? MARKETING MANAGEMENT by pondicherry university WEBSITES ? www. google. com ? www. scribd. com ? www. wikepedia. co. in

How and why did the media fail in the Rwandan genocide in 1994 Free Essay Example, 2500 words

In the first week of the Rwandan genocide, the reporting by the international media had a number of flaws. First, the international media thought the genocide was a civil war. Between 1990 and 1993, the country had experienced a low-level civil war, and the international media mistook the genocide for a full-scale civil war. Rwanda has a long history of animosity between the Hutu majority and the Tutsi minority that dates back to the late 1950s. On this note, when the violence erupted on April 6, 1994, the international media reported the initial violence in the country’s capital city as a resumption of civil war between Hutu majority and the Tutsi minority. In addition, early reports from the western media indicated that the Tutsi rebels had overpowered the government and rejected any notion of a cease-fire from the Hutu-led government. As such, the report by the Western media contradicted the idea that the real victims were the Tutsi minority. By 13th April, 1994, for insta nce, the Radio France International claimed that Kigali was falling in the hands of the Tutsi Rebels (Schimmel, 2011). We will write a custom essay sample on How and why did the media fail in the Rwandan genocide in 1994 or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now In other Western Media organisations, it was reported that the Hutu feared vengeance from the Tutsi rebels. This created a situation where the western media presented a picture that violence in Rwanda was on the wane while, in reality, the violence was mounting (Schimmel, 2011). In another example that depicts how the international media failed in the Rwandan genocide; the New York Times alluded just four days into the genocide that the violence in Kigali had reduced. These contradictory reports were as a result of the mass exodus of foreigners from Rwanda at that time, including the international correspondents from various international media organisations. In addition, because of the exodus, the press coverage of the events taking place in Rwanda was virtually halted. However, at the time that the media coverage of the violence in Rwanda was halted, this is the period when the massacre of Tutsis heightened (Schoemaker & Stremlau, 2014). On the other hand, the early death count reported by the media was an underestimation of the reality of events taking place across the country. In the second week of the genocide, the media still did not have the actual estimates, and the death count reported never increased. As such, the death count reported by the media was not considered genocidal for a country that had a population of approximately 8million of which 85% were Hutus and 14% Tutsis (Yanagizawa-Drott, 2014).