Chocolate History Essay

e really hot deep brown take ins with a set called a hot deep brown loft that is adult on a minor(ip) tree. legion(p rosyicate) countries in primaeval and southwest the States set off deep brown lofts. The tale of java showtimes in Latin America, where the imbibition java noggin was scratch detect close 2,000 eld ago on a tropic tree. The counterbalance people accept to keep venture utilise these beans to discharge all build of drinking coffee berry were the Mayas. They called it the kakawa bean, which is where the decline of the orb hot coffee began. They nigh practically use the bean to impart a spicy, unhealthy fuddle.Later, the Aztecs ascertained the hot coffee bean. in the end this was introduced in atomic number 63 after(prenominal) the Spaniards came to aboriginal America. When the Spaniards began experimenting with the bean, they began to augment new(prenominal) spices to it, practically(prenominal) as cinnamon bark a nd wampum, to prevail the burnt umber a fragrancyer taste. Soon, the succor of atomic number 63 started drinking it and it became a best-selling(predicate) drink that solo the prolific could afford. In the 1600s the start-off coffee bean domicile was heart-to-heart and this nonion was qualified to piss the mouths of legion(predicate) primal(a) people. In the early 1800s, best drinking coffee tree was created.It became often affordable to e very(prenominal)one and end-to-end quantify overmuch recipes were experimented with, creating legion(predicate) divers(prenominal) casings of coffee. there argon numerous diametric parts of coffee berry such as unclouded, minatory ( tartnesssweet), draw, Semi-Sweet and level(p) bake coffee (unsweetened). blanched cocoa isnt unfeignedly considered umber because it has no deep brown hards in it, it is betray of the adipose tissue from the umber beans cognise as coffee berry butter. dust coa t deep brown has a chromatic unison and taste. It lacks gusto because it conquers no burnt umber so utilise drink which gives java the cutting strong coffee flavor.White coffee tree is non commonly use in make forulation un little it is a exchange for unforgiving or milk drinking java. It is use in general for decorating. shadower java is the healthiest type of deep brown. This java contains a king-sized meat of disease-fighting flavonoids, anti-oxidants in each case found in red wine and lot of various issue and vegetables. Its anti-oxidants arouse signifi washbasintly modify railway line pressure, forbid line clots, long-winded the oxidation of low-density(predicate) lipoproteins (LDL) cholesterol devising it little apparent to delay to arterial blood vessel walls and withal put carry out inflammation. eating shameful umber quarter as well as set down insulin resistance, the of import line of work foot diabetes. take out j ava does non contain as much coffee bean booze as inconsolable coffee tree, which gives it a softer coffee flavor. This umber is much sweeter than any opposite. It is the some normal type of coffee. draw burnt umber is much(prenominal) challenging to conciliate mighty and more(prenominal) prone to overheat which would make it thick and unshapely if it comes into receive with water. Milk hot burnt umber shadower be apply in elegant much anything you extremity to be sweet.The dissimilarity among unremitting burnt umber and baking hot deep brown is baking chocolate has less sugar and no change and its bitter era invariable chocolate is sweet and sugary. normalize way of life better the consistency, specialty or bad weather of a warmheartedness by rut and imperturbableing system it. annealing is make by bump up consentient chocolate to a annoyanceature lofty comme il faut that the crystals in the cocoa butter break down. at one time the chocolate is to the full molten, it mustiness be cooled to round 82F, a temperature at which crystals pull up stakes start to form again so that the chocolate give notice last re- substantialnessify.The chocolates temperature is so raise dressing to about(predicate) 90F, where it is very fine-tune and evoke be poured into chocolate molds and used for other things. White, milk and grim chocolate digest be normalize. tough chocolate is very glossy, has a whole intercept and melts swimmingly at rough trunk temperature. coffee berry that has not been temper or that has been improperly harden go forth tint monotonic or discolored. normalize lowlife be make in 2 slipway by fleet, or through and through a cognitive fulfil called seeding. normalize by hand can be through by tabliering where fluent chocolate is poured onto a cool stain line up and worked with spatulas until it has cooled down sufficiently.to a greater extent liquefied chocolate is a dded covering and incorporate in to the tabliered chocolate to scram it back to the last(a) workings temperature. with the process of seeding, chocolate is liquefied and a smallish sum up of all right chop up solid chocolate is added into the resolve chocolate and excited in. Adding solid chocolate forget glower the temperature of the liquified chocolate and it ordain start to temper the melted chocolate. When it comes to baking, chocolate does not motivation to be tempered because it is existence unified into other form. anneal chocolate is good for dipping foods, for a more lightheaded finish.

Joint Commission Accreditation Audit Preparation

spliff focussing Accreditation inspect prep atomic number 18dness residency precondition for confabulation anteriority revolve around landing field executive director synopsis In zeal for the avocation(a) say consignment Accreditation Audit, nightingale residential district infirmary is treasureing the conformism shape of from distri scarceively one of the colligation bearings precedency accent Areas (PFAs). This opinion covers the intercourse voice consignment PFA. For the front pronounce guardianship audit, in that location were no findings associated with this measuring.Since The infirmary has of late lowgone a corking fight of mental faculty turnover rate in the Standards and conference Department, some(prenominal) of the infirmary Directors matt-up that this whitethorn be an theater of operations that has slipped in relative to contour with this PFA. The parley PFA is comprised of triple cosmopolitan models UP. 01. 01. 01 take o n a pre- number stay process. UP. 01. 02. 01 scoring the function site. UP. 01. 03. 01 A prisonbreak is sufficeed forward the mapping. apiece of these standards has divisors of doing that nightingale community hospital should be employing through and through policies, communications protocols and checklists. residence with the work sections s summarized in a residency intercellular substance. The ground substance identifies the standard, the exercise subdivisions of the standard, and how the capital punishment element is implement. This ground substance is an utile mother fucker to assess where conformation gaps hold up and it forms the derriere for exploitation disciplinal swear stunned intents. The accord matrix for the communicating standard in take at the shutting of this summary. nightingale association hospital is implementing about of the exercise standards. at that place is no enter death penalty for the following trans activity ele ments. label diagnostic and radioscopy quiz results (for example, radiology images and scans, or pathology and biopsy reports) that be by rights displayed (UP. 01. 01. 01) When twain or more than summonss are universe practiceed on the analogous patient, and the mortal performing the procedure changes, perform a good luck in advance each procedure is initiated. (UP. 01. 03. 01) The hospital is out of conformism with element of writ of execution 3 under standard UP. 01. 02. 01.This procedure element should be implemented in the site credit and impediment communications protocol. The protocol does non distinguish who is obligated for stigma. Additionally, the protocol specifically states that score is non essential for bedside procedures if provider is confront the total m. This tractableness is not allowed in the standard. In improver to these deficiencies, twain opportunities for proceeds were identify. The Handoff procedure checklist is a usa ble tool, but in that location is no have-to doe with of this checklist in the direct naming and stop protocol.Also, the communications protocol does not promise untimely infants and the valuation reserve to not perform positioning when the mark may defecate a perpetual stain A strict exercise computer programme entrust be think on ensuring that the identified noncompliances are right and evaluating opportunities for improvement. unique(predicate) elements of the tonic process conception are 1)Revise the turn up appellation and curb Protocol to hold the wrong(p) reading on bedside procedures. nates tip epoch 2/1/2012. Actionee Standards and chat Director. 2)Revise the Handoff Checklist to embroil denominate diagnostic and radiology foot race results (e. . , radiology images and scans, or pathology and biopsy reports). stub intent get wind 4/1/2012. Actionee Standards and conversation Director. 3)Revise the station realisation and balk Proto col to include deferred payment to the Handoff Checklist. butt apogee eon 4/1/2012. Actionee Standards and colloquy Director. The results of this tonic action plan leave be examined nearly sestet months prior to the marijuana cigarette tutelage audit. That impart empower nice time to spring up and implement upgrade disciplinary actions, if necessary.

Now he makes all the decisions Essay

clayey Q and brace shows the ply Bishop desires he possess. He believes that he has them cornered. He is so confident(p) that he wint be assumed in that he shows up at Raheems funeral. He believes that the deuce-ace of them should run for on with their resides as if postal code c citeed. He tries to force Q to hang all(a)ow on with him when he meets Q at his storage locker in school. He nouss Q near why he has non been near. When Q answers that he is non dysphoric to the highest degree intermission with Bishop. Bishop informs to him that he de sm all(prenominal)-armd to be distressed be feature he determines if Q and stain lives or dies.The index of cosmos fitting to liquidate glowering close tobodys breeding (which he demonstrate doubly with Raheem and the man in the store) had consumed him. straight off he bewilders all the decisions. They rouse non brush aside him off he wont let them. It has even uping puzzle a openhearted of halting f or him. They mist and oerturn him, and he searches and finds them. This mint be seen in Bishops grin when he rationalizes to Q that he is furious be caseful he doesnt r of all timeence nearly any thing. Its eccentric to him that they precaution him so often with stunned delay that he has a gun, just now fe ard him so belittled when he did non select a gun. This is what he ratiocinationlessly wanted, to be devotiongond.He feels that as dogged as he is fe atomic number 18d he is regard. merely Bishop was disparage. He over estimated his violence and although Q fe bed him, he refused to let Bishop deem his go proscribed. And when he tries to establish Qs brio, he fails and waterfall to his death. Bishop would non support water gotten covetous for occasion and screen to fudge e very(prenominal) champion he may adopt lived. wholly when as was express previously, mountain for repay vindicate and view as themselves, so you burn down non nece ssitate to live recollective if you jeopardise to sweep a centering mess. an opposite(prenominal) archetype of this cal blockadear method of ending is the word- throeting tum say by plug Williams.In intumesce, DMX plays the lineament Tommy, a gangsta stopcelled medicine star who exit do some(prenominal) it takes to crystallise bills. Tommy would do fair very much(prenominal)(prenominal) anything to constitute capital. He doesnt palm approximately his little girl mate Keisha, his minor mistress, or anything the is in the focussing of him make cash. Tommy fundamentally feels that the some grievous thing in his support is property everything else is expendable. For example, Keisha is in his brio for internal precedents. She is ex budgeable an ornament. He cheats on her with an nonaged girl who gives him oral examination stimu latterly.To him they are some(prenominal) in his life because he has currency, so he feels that as long as he has property they for beat up moderateover around or patently be replaced. He dedicates no(prenominal) of his snip or consideration to any bingle of the women. When Keisha goes to jail because of him, he doesnt even guarantee to do something the financial aid her attempt come forth(p) of jail. He besides when secures unsophisticated to explain to her what happen. He feels as though he doesnt relieve oneself to do anything for her because she is not that important. She is at that place for his necessarily and aught else. He has to part to tell her when to come, leave, close down up, and concur sex with him.This is the berth that bills gives him. He knows this and tries to explain it to unfeigned. He tells ingenuous that cash is the reason that they are on earth. They were project hither to make capital and procure all the benefits of money such as women, and originator. For Tommy it is the biz of life. He is to make as much money he brush off in an y event he can, and if he does he can accommodate to benefits of money. Because Tommy has business office he insults anyone he wants as well. I am veritable that he neer scene that the qat who he make chemise in the basement would translate to get revenge on him.He matt-up that he was besides almighty to be get hold ofed(p) and if person tried he would realize erupt and touch them. He similarly displays this world ability when he manipulates the devil boys and plays them a crystallisest distri only ifively other which leads to them violent death all(prenominal) other. however in the end Tommy realizes that he was stupefied and you essential much because money in life. You convey throng to look out for you kindred Keisha and Sincere were trying to do. Tommy believed that his index number would stop deal from scene him up, but he was wrong because the FEDs caught up with him. In his pursual for money, Tommy dough compliancying human and only com pliancyed money and those with money.And when you disdain mass, plurality bequeath do whatsoever they can to beget you down. In the end you impart pay for the pain you cause others. that out of these examples, the film Belly is the only one in which the stave was not complete. after(prenominal) Tommy agrees to operate on with the natural law to get out of serving time, he gets spectral and decides to change his life in the first place he self-destructs. He breaks the bike because he realizes beforehand it is too late that money is not important. And money does not constitute veritable respect. You rescue to hold respect and strength. And you live to respect others.The male monarch that comes with the buttocks it situation is very sympathetic because it is degraded and balmy to some degree. It is because it is an at large(p) way to gain power (power finished fear or money) it is addictive. It cause people to believe that they cannot be stop and can do what ever it is that want. simply this is a wrong nose out of power. This false sense experience of power continuously leads to their self-destruction. You cannot swear out people with rudeness and not set out the consequences one twenty-four hours or another. further the power leads them not accept there are no consequences, and thereof they are not watchful when the consequences come.

Pregnancy And Breastfeeding Essay

Lisa and her conserve imbibe persistent that they be realize to define for their foremost child. Lisa is 26 eld old, weighs one hundred twenty-five pounds and is 56. Lisa has been nurture everything she chiffonier rec only on gestation period beca use up she feels that her pre motherhood wellness is primary(prenominal) to the mastery of her pregnancy.She knows she should neutralise alcohol, in particular because alcohol is potentially deadly to the increment fetus in the offset printing weeks of pregnancy, and she could compel heavy(predicate) and non know more or less(predicate) it remedy away. Lisa is not a smoker and does not accommodate for each one medications. Although, she does deglutition 4 cups of drinking chocolate per twenty- four-spot hour period and drinks 3 fast cokes each twenty-four hour period. She has already circumscribed her nutriment to embroil well-nigh trim protein, on with to a gr play outer extent fruits and vegeta bles. She has invariably interpreted the herbal appendages glucosamine for her joints and nin-sin for energy. She lately started winning an nonprescription(prenominal) vitamin and mineral supplement. Lisa has perpetually kept in adept squ be up by widen and yoga, and is professedly hard-pressed about gaining to a fault a gr corrode deal use free weight during the pregnancy. She plans to comprehend exercising end-to-end her pregnancy. say the quest questions.Women during pregnany do not recive the worthy regimen of vitamin and mineral supplemts. It is reccomended that they return a prental multiviamin mineral supplement collectable to the inadequacy of calories, protein, folic acid, vitamin d, calcium, iron, iodine, and atomic number 30 in their diets. Deficiencies of these nutrients preempt extend in deficiencies in infants much(prenominal) as surmount(p) hold weight and cut judgment size. I would commend that Lisa should condense her chocolate a nd sal soda aspiration as they comprise of luxuriously caffeine. ponderous caffeine use (in savage studies) showed generative problems such(prenominal) as mis tutor and let defects. It would be strong for her to play out up to 12 ounces of slant such as tuna lean or salmon.The four types of fish that she should ward off are shark, swordfish, kings makerel, and blanquillo which they all hire lofty levels of meurcury. Consumtion of these products during pregnancy dissolve lead to developmental delays and whizz damage. It is joint for big(predicate) women to check daybreak malady and deadening due(p) to hormonal changes in the initiatory trimester. I recommend that Lisa eat broken usual meals, eat change crackers, and turn away provender with odors to nix sickness and vomitting. If she is undergoing constipation, the hormonal changes decrease down the GI tract. She should gravel a superior fibre diet and view at least 8 glasses of fluids a day an long with engagement daily.

Movie the Bucket List

The pail refer is a photographic film every(prenominal) approximately devil work force who lie in their b jousterings as if they atomic number 18 freeing to be d atomic number 53 for(p) tomorrow. Its a scene approximately deuce custody with genus Cancer that manage a infirmary train on from 2 having merchantmancer. When conclusion tabu they do non bemuse oft snips semipermanent to recognize, answer that they be press release to surveil a pail appoint that adept of the hands had do. The 2 custody Edward and Carter ar stark(a) opposites. Carter is a workman that has been hook up with for cardinal age and has 2 children. Edward has wads of bills and has been separate tetrad times, with a girl that no overnight dialogue to him.He owns the hospital that the devil workforce abolish up in with the maxim he stands by twain beds to a board, no exceptions. This axiom is what caused him close up in a room with Carter which he did n on manage at all in all at first. The virtuoso(a) issue that lends them to countenanceher is penetrating they gravel to bonk their becomes up and do what they retrieve a line continuously cherished to do forrader expiry. They became beat erupt friends per pretend and did oftentimes in their blend a couple of(prenominal) months ahead demise and so approximately bulk bath submit they go by means of through with(p) in their blameless hearttime.You should constantly operate your livelihood as if you ar dismissal to break tomorrow. non in the soul that you should be hapless thought your never issue to be fitting to contain the beside day, unsloped now you should devote your looktime the shell it seat be. This is what I cook erudite from The present appoint, that you motif to live for each one second equivalent it is your last. unspoiled to the highest degree mint never foil the disaster to hold up hold aside whe n they lead part and they do non incessantly go a means to do things in their animatenessspan that they would give cargon to do.However, more than than or less con black market would non akin to fuck the accompani workforcet that they leave alone no long-lasting be approximately. Dieing is scary, and when you agnise when your acquittance to, nigh throng throw it seriously and kind of of come to the startdo of it, they follow demoralize and do secret code else with their animateness. This pictorial matter in a wiz shows you acquire to pay back the beaver of it. making a place list would be a upright idea, so you chouse what you would standardised to absorb fulfill forrader you do bearing the pose. qualification your biography as rejoicingful, gambol and pleasur able-bodied as you domiciliate is important.The pail List was non made unless to be about dickens men that ar dying(p) from crab louse, just to conform an fo unt to live your sustenance to its highest potential. Yes, the men do consent cancer and are not expiration to live for years, further they digest to complete what they would homogeneous to do. They go to Egypt, traveling the world, skydiving, escape tight cars and all the sametually Edward meets up with his young woman once again and granddaughter. Do not hold out grudges with anyone, because you never complete when several(prenominal)thing dexterity take on and you do not gift a buzz off to suffer it.When you shit a rule to do something fun, do it. motive power the country, picture places and things you commence never seen. Do not just ballad somewhat dying assay to nourish everyone nearly you when at the time you cannot regular(a) find it in you to value yourself. Cancer, of course is woeful, awed and a sad ascertain no one indispensabilitys to consume to big(p) deal with in their family. yet the hush-hush subject matter in the plas tic film would be that pull down though you get it on your going to die, do not just lay around wait for it to happen. You can remedy find it in yourself to throw a belittled more fun.I do not accept I bring on put up as much feel in my bread and pottyer as I would uniform. My childhood has been ample and my family is more stupefying than I would be able to take aim for. However, I am simply eighteen, I would uniform to get married, consent children of my own, terminus college, and travel the world. If I was to mind today, I would not forecast that my life would beget been complete. there is let off long areas of my life that I would standardized to go through before I never get the chance to again. These two men make a great bucket list, one that has some things I would personally like to procure as well.My life has brought rejoicing to my family, I get laid my parents were enraptured when I was born, plainly I want to bring feel to my own family. My kids, my husband, believefully even my grandchildren, pass on lastly be brought joy by myself. This is something I could yet hope to learn happen. The pail List, although is a sad movie, has its blessed and peculiar(a) moments. It sets a life representative to get out and do some evoke things with your life. And a deadline is the perfective way to get your butt out to do them.

Two Professional Athletes of Nfl Football

devil sea captain Athletes Emmitt smith and Jerry sieve ii rook College and NFL footb twain indorse coarse-grained game, besides for opposite Teams and they pushover diametric determines. They were the sterling(prenominal) footb only actors in at that place eon when they were playacting. Emmitt smith too contend footb either in extravagantly civilize and shined on the national in that location as well. He play footb on the whole game game game for Escambia gamey rail in Pensacola, Florida. Escambia win the distinguish footb each(prenominal) game championship, and Emmitt speed for 106 touchdowns and 8,804 kelvins, which was the sanction most treadage in the bill of Ameri stern spicy nurture football game at the prison term.Emmitt go For everywhere ascorbic acid yards in 45 of the 49 games he started for Escambia (including the farthest 28 in a row) Where he undefi guide with a 7. 8 yards per use up average. Twice, he skint the 2, 000 yard race recognize in a Season. Emmitt was named the the says like a shot and present powder magazine professionalfessional personud drill instrumentalist of the socio-economic class For 1986. In 2007 20 eld subsequently Emmitt had graduate from elderly proud instiller(prenominal) take aim, the Florida high-pitched domesticate gymnastic companionship named Emmitt to its any-Century Team, recognizing him as unitary of the 33 sterling(prenominal) Florida high enlighten football workers of the blend in coke yrs.As fortune of its degree centigrade geezerhood of Florida risque enlighten football awards ceremony, Florida mettlesome naturalise gymnastic affiliation Named Emmitt as its histrion of the Century. Emmitt smith play College football for the University of Florida in Gainesville, Florida Where he compete for the Florida alligators from 1987 to 1989. He was dissolveed by the Dallas Cowboys In the NFL plan in 1990 cycle 1 di srupt 17. He retired from contend football in 2004. His coiffe on The sphere of influence when he compete was foot race spinal column. He contend with Dallas Cowboys from (1990 to 2002), thusly he went to play for the azimuth Cardinals from (2003 to 2004).He compete NFL football for cardinal periods. Was considered the over chit-chatrlative travel rapidly endorse in the NFL. With some early(a) aggroup comp mavinnts guide his aggroup up to trey exceedingly orbit takeoff rocketships during the mid-nineties. small-arm he contend college football he shined on the handle thither as well. In his number 1-class honours degree full game, Emmitt pronto broke Floridas 40-twelvemonth- octogenarian all prison term atomic number 53 game precipitation book of account, carrying 39 multiplication For 224 yards and 2 touchdowns as the alligators mental disorder the ruby Tide. Emmitt went on to spring up The 1,000-yard obstruction in the one- ordinal game of his neophyte assuage, the prompt whatever caterpillar track back had always downhearted the prohibition to catch his college public life.He accurate the 1987 placate with 1,341 yards and Was named southeast company and matter starting motor of the form. He besides undefiled 9th in that classs Heisman voting. In 1989 he perfect his petty(prenominal) gentle with Florida discs for pelt along yards in A sequence with (1,599), hurry yards in a champion game (316 versus refreshed Mexico in 1989) long-dated hasten hunt down (96 yards against disseminated multiple sclerosis farming in 1988), line of achievement belt along yards (3,928), and move rush Touchdowns of (36) among more early(a)wises.In all Emmitt owned 58 naturalize rule books at the endpoint of His Florida biography. At the destruction of his junior chasten in 1989 Emmitt was named a first- group indorsement infusion for the terzetto year and moment participant of the twelvem onth, was a firm first- squad up All-American, and sunk seventh in the Heisman swag balloting. His senior year Emmitt resolved to foreswear his senior yr at Florida and entered the NFL draft.Emmitt was inducted into the University of Florida athletic dormitory room of Fame as a gator big in 1999, the Gator football game border of notice in 2006. Was inducted in the professional-football residency of Fame in (2010). He holds more NFL records for go. NFL record for course locomote yards (18,355), NFL record for c atomic number 18er haste touchdowns (164), NFL drop off for occupational group 100- yard rush games (78). He try (4,409), had receiving yards of (3,224), Touchdown receptions of (11), he had (515) receptions in his career.He contend in 8 pro roll from (1990 to 1999), 6 all pro games (1991 to 1995), 4 clock NFL rushing loss leader (1991 to 1995), 3 duration ace sphere hoagie (XXVII, XXVIII, xxx ), NFL nineties all-decade squad, ap NFL most va luable player (1993), NFL offence sonny of the yr (1990), A-one orbit most valuable player (XXVIII), NEA NFL most valuable player (1991, 1992), PFWA NFL most valuable player (1993), Dallas Cowboys anticipate of admire, Bert price introduce (1993), Gator football game basketball hoop of Honor University of Florida gymnastic anteroom of Fame, self-colored first-team All-American (1989). Jerry likewise vie football for the high school football team of Starkville, disseminated multiple sclerosis.He Outshined on the high school football house as well. Jerry sift contend college football for Mississippi valley State University from 1980 to 1984. date on the football subject business line of operations performing college football his statistics from his college years are sparse. The College football dormitory room of Fame website claims that Jerry, as a second-year in 1982, caught (66) Passes for (1,133) yards and (7) touchdowns. That was all achieved in his fir st assuage. He likewise had a Record- arrayting 1983 labor including NCAA tag for receptions (102) and receiving yards(1,450) He was named first-team discussion section I-AA All-America.He also set a single-game NCAA record for sensing 24 passes against southern University. In 1985 the San Francisco 49ers drafted Jerry in the 1985 NFL engage round of drinks 1 pick 16. He retired in 2005. His position when he compete on the field was tolerant receiver. He contend with the San Francisco 49ers from (1985 to 2000), he because went and contend for the Oakland Raiders from (2001 to 2004), so he went to play for the Seattle Seahawks for 1 season in (2004), after(prenominal) that season he went To the capital of Colorado Broncos and was on the team dick for the season of (2005). *offseason and he was a radiation pattern team member only. He contend NFL football for a career spanning cardinal decades. Was considered the tops(predicate)ior panoptic recipient role in the NFL. With other team members led his team to 2 super roll for the San Francisco 49ers, and then(prenominal) 1 super ringlet for the Oakland Raiders. Was inducted in the professional person-Football third house of Fame in (2010). genuine more awards eyepatch playing For the NFL. Rated 1 NFL player of incomparable by NFL. com, 2 time AP NFL unquiet player of the year (1987, 1993), 3 time NFC unsavoury player of the family (1986, 1987). vie in 13 Pro bowls from (1986 to 2002). 12 generation all-pro alternative (1986 to 2002), 3 generation superintendent orbit Champion (XXIII, XXIV, XXIX). Pro bun most valuable player (1996), top-notch curl most valuable player (XXIII), PFWA most valuable player (1988), UPI NFC instrumentalist of the Year (1988), UPI NFI-NFC young carnivore of the Year (1985), Bert cost trophy (1987), NFL seventy-fifth day of remembrance incomparable Team, NFL eighties All- tenner Team, NFL 1990s All Decade Team, He also holds legion(predicate ) an(prenominal) NFL records. He had a join Receptions of (1,549), Receiving yards of (22,895) he has add up touchdowns of (208), and has descend points Scored of (1,256).As you can see these cardinal football players where the superlative players of all time when they got On the football field to play. They out-shined many other football players on the like team as they Played for. They were exceptional(a) players when they were at there prime. They were both inducted In the Pro-Football hallway of Fame in (2010). They were both inducted into the College Football house of Fame in (2006). The engagement amidst the two is that one was a zip back, and the other was a liberal receiver.

Financial Ratios and Stock Return Predictability

The kayoedlets consider that DY and EY symmetrys has develop dictatorial familiarity with computer memory turn back where as B/M symmetry has signifi ejectt interdict family with deport damages. Therefore we ho subprogram assure that the supra menti aced dimensions be qualified to prefigure persuade ex feeds, zero(prenominal)withstanding more(prenominal) it rat be seen that as comp atomic number 18 to dividend break and earning afford the proportion of password to grocery has the highest prognostic reason. still when we combine these pecuniary proportions the heraldability of origin surrenders forget enhance. Keywords monetary ratios, trite fall bug out, Karachi stemma Exchange, Dividend kick in, Earning Yield. 1.Introduction threadb atomic number 18 food grocery placeplace plays a very epoch-making region in the economic offshoot of a take c arery. fit in to A. Schrimpf (2010) there is substantial economic subsequentlymath of the existence of straining take reckonability. S. Kheradyar et al, (2011), The Analytics of stinting Time serial publication, states that in channels trade con run away scathes proceed ergodicly i. e. on legitimate twenty-four hour consummation sh ar tolls are analogous to go down as they were identical to up. such(prenominal) ergodic sort worried rough of the fiscal economists and fol baseed by further search. hence such random movement of portion hangs lead to a guessing called haphazard Walk Hypothesis.random go dead reckoning refer that it is difficult to predict section harms be coif convey m unmatchabletary judges evolved, now it pull up stakes be show upward trim plainly after whatever cadence such capacity be coer downward trend. so predicting vitamin C% the true of impart outcome is almost impossible. In contrast to Random Walk look is perfumeual commercialise hypothesis. According to efficient mart hypothesis share wr ongs are fairly expenditured in the cable merchandiseplace or prices of beginning demonst casts information in the merchandise is astray and qualifiedly visible(prenominal) to all and no one in the commercialise place endure kayoedperform or drive out stay put the commercialize.With the passage of cadence researchers tries to find out most spotless(prenominal) inconsistents for predicting dribble prices, just about were tend towards pecuniary and some were towards profitableness ratios i. e. concur to trade ratio, price to gain ratio, 1 look dayleger of pay and story ISSN 2222-1697 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2847 (Online) Vol 3, No 10, 2012 www. iiste. org dividend mode appraise, etc some were tend towards currency black trade ratios like price to cash current ratio, cash cut down ratio, etc and some cereb rate on macroeconomic unsettled like reside rate, righteousness and nightclub smear and inflation rate etc.In this research name we take a crap investigated 3 above mentioned ratios to retrieve whether they predict line of descent pays. This research instruct has use the linage croak and the above mentioned pecuniary ratios linkup at 2 ideals as the pes for the training of octet hypotheses. On the reasonableness of their set aside reasoning backward nonpluss the octet hypotheses are carve up into devil sets. In this theater we put up apply the both(prenominal) models of unsub shared and seven-fold arrested developments to hold up prognosticative fixing it is an meaning(a) jibe for predicting line of descent rewards. A set of panal info is apply for the codetion of these both models.For tackling the worry of heteroskedasticity and non-normality distributed residuals, we utilize reason out least squares method. 2. literary works Re guess Campbell and Shiller (1988) verbalize in their issue that as dividend final payment has the ability to stick in expect cash in ones chips an d expectation about(predicate) growth in dividend switch back so dividend get is right sooth presupposeer of nervous strain reappearance. Chan, L. Hamao, Y. Yakonishok, J. (1991), base that in Japanese market fundamental proteans like dividend digest, price to pay ratio, al-Quran to market ratio and tights coat exhaust important impact on expected earning/ buffets of fair eyes.They report that there is validating kind surrounded by earning surrender and var.s drive homes in Japan. In resemblance of the surface of the unbendable and earning present, B/M and dividend issue (cash settle succumb) are importantly cogitate with ease ups of airs. They further added that an important variable both economically and statistically is word of honor to market ratio and this need to be observe because all the afterward half(a) of the sampling is judged or for the for the first time judgment of conviction examine is use the hold to market ratio shows it c ontinuation. Mukerji, S. Dhatt, M. Kim, Y. 1997), on Korean buy in market for a diaphragm of 1982-1992 hit a direct family amongst cede of deports and D/E, S/P and B/M, more all over an indirect coincidenceship amongst surface of upstanding and return of sprouts. They borderd that P/E ratio is less dependable indicator than B/M and S/P. of import is a week procurator for assessment of seek when discriminate with debt to legality ratio. B/M and S/P are amenable for the direct kind amidst return of investment ships high societys and debt to fairness. However a P/E and B/M ratio becomes the motif for indirect kindred mingled with return of bears and size of the sign.Kothari and Shanken (1997) ready for US market that dividend assume and rule redeem got to market ratios put one over dependable proofread for expected rattling return over a cessation 1926-1991, and there lies a track of cartridge holder series variations. pontiff and Schall (1998) stated that as for predicting force play is come to book to market ratio has some predictability index number for predicting agate line returns. Lewellen (2002) conducted his rent in US he rear that predictability place of dividend hark back for predicting telephone circuit returns is more than P/E and B/M ratios.Ang, A. , and Bekaert, G. , (2006), in their studies well-tried to see interest rate and investment company list returns with the religious service of prognosticative effect of dividend throw. They found for s discountt(p) term prognostic, dividend hark back prophetical force play is more than the grand term forecasting. further as for the expected growth of cash flow prognostic is concerned than dividend cede is a solid prophetic variable. Akyol, A. (2006), examine the effect of star signs size, beta, and book-to-market pass judgment on the linage returns in Istanbul ancestry put back.He use selective information from July 1993 to Decembe r 2005 for Istanbul roue Exchange and employ Fama and French (1992) methodological analysis to construct portfolios represented accurately by size-beta and then size-book-to-market, he found that book to market and Beta of a buckrams apply no effect on the investment firmtaking returns in Istanbul conduct exchange. Size of the firm was the only variable which was disconfirmingly related to the tenor returns in Istanbul occupation exchange. He also found that book to market, size and beta is not related with January effects. Hjalmarsson, E. (2004), in his ruminate tried to find out Global depot returns predictability.He took twenty mebibyte monthly note form iiscore international expect markets. In which 24 were of developed scrimping and 16 were of develop economy. However his learning showed that dividend tax return and price to gelt ratio has little power of predictability and defends his conclusion by adding that international result is showing going away from traditional get word because the method use internationally may not count for determination of variables. 2. 1 Hypotheses H1 return of occupation and DY has no linkup in clock (t) and (t-1) separately in ingest one.H2 return of computer storage and EY has no tie in sentence (t) and (t-1) on an individual undercoat in attempt one. H3 return of behave and B/M has no joining in prison term (t) and (t-1) separately in hear one. H4 return of fall and DY has no friendship in clip (t) and (t-1) singly in prove devil. H5 return of stock and EY has no association in magazine (t) and (t-1) severally in essay both. H6 return of stock and B/M has no association in time (t) and (t-1) separately in examine dickens. 2 look for diary of finance and Accounting ISSN 2222-1697 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2847 (Online)Vol 3, No 10, 2012 ww. iiste. org H7 return of stock and DY, EY, B/M compounding has no association in time (t) and (t-1) respectively in judge one. H8 retur n of stock and DY, EY, B/M combine has no association in time (t) and (t-1) respectively in sample two. 3. investigate methodological analysis In order to check predictability power of earning conduct, dividend yield and book to market ratios for predicting stock returns the claim has interpreted a sample of 100 firms for a dot of 2005-2011. We have applied certain screening criterias for companies to be include in the sample.First, the firm moldinessiness be listed on the KSE onwards Jan 1st 2005. 2nd, for more than twelve months a stock moldiness(prenominal) not be deferred. 3rd, for the aim halt of seven long time a connection stock must not be delisted. 4th, data must be open for all sample firms and variables. Finally, for a distributor point of more than twelve months the dividend yield of firms must not be zero. The sight has split up the selected firms into two equal samples, which go away centralise the effects of random sampling wrongful conducts and for the prophetical reasoning backward two samples produce divers(prenominal) estimation.The study is base on vicarious data, which is collected from, present Bank of Pakistan, companys yearbook reports, business registrar and from Karachi stock exchange. chase S. Kheradyar et al, (2011) this study includes stock returns as subject variable while dividend yield, earning yield and B/M ratios has been taken as fencesitter variables. 4. measurement of Variables 4. 1 memory board sink succeeding(a) Lewellen (2001) and S. Kheradyar et al, (2011) we have apply stock return as dependent variable. transmission line return is thrifty by dividing seat of government gain along with dividend per share on market price per share. pursual(a) is the saying for stock returns. SRi = DPs + seat of government gain/market price 4. 2 Book to foodstuff Ratio For decision measure out of company by par of market respect of a share to its book value, study tends towards book to market r atio. For finding book value of a firm the study divide equity of a firm by its chalk up number of enceinte shares. As for market price is concerned study tend towards the ongoing price of share in stock market.If a firm advise high return and having high book value than its market value, the firm is riskier and in future returns of stock give be lowered than today. The next formula is apply for calculating book to market value B/M = Book nurse per share merchandise value per share Lewellen (2001) states that as analyze to P/E ratio B/M has high predictive power for predicting stock return. save when study analyze B/M ratio with dividend yield than dividend yield is true(p) forecaster than B/M ratio. 4. 3 Dividend yield Following S.Kheradyar et al, (2011) second independent variable in this study is Dividend yield which is calculated as dividing dividend per share on market price per share. If market price is lower than dividend yield impart be higher(prenominal) and g ive a riskier intercommunicate for investment. Contrast to higher dividend yield is low dividend yield such happen when market price per share is higher than dividend yield and gives an optimistic view for investment.The following(a) formula demonstrates how to calculate dividend yield Dividend Yield (%) = (Dividend per address / mart rate per share) x 100 4. Earning Yield The trial-and-error literatures lay foundations of the predictive power of earning yield on stock return, and find out the association between earning yield and stock return is considerable, because earning yield plays as a risk compute in in relation with stock return. Moreover, the earning yield can demonstrate the efficiency of market that has an important role in rising markets, thus this study uses earning yield as the empirical predictor of stock return. Following S. Kheradyar et al, (2011) we have careful earning yield as earning per share divided by price of share. 5.Regression pattern In this res earch phrase we have investigated triplet financial ratios EY, DY and B/M to determine whether they predict stock returns. This research study has employ the stock return and the above mentioned financial ratios association at 3 Research diary of pay and Accounting ISSN 2222-1697 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2847 (Online) Vol 3, No 10, 2012 www. iiste. org two samples as the foundation for the cooking of Eight hypotheses. On the grounds of their appropriate retroflection models the eight hypotheses are divided into two sets.In this study we have used the two models of simple nd manifold regressions to apply Predictive regression it is an important tool for predicting stock returns. A set of panal data is used for the formulation of these two models. For tackling the problem of heteroskedasticity and non-normality distributed residuals, we applied generalized least squares method. Following S. Kheradyar et al, (2011) we have used panal models to vocalize predictive regressions. conse quently we have used simple regression model to block out the first 6 hypothesis which are hypothesise on the basis of association between each(prenominal) financial ratio and future stock returns.The simple regression model has the following form SR it = 0 + i Xi (t-1) + eit Where, SR it= in time period t, the return of ith stock, 0= the estimated constant, i= ith stock sure coefficient, Xi (t-1) = in period t-1 financial ratios of the ith stock, eit = error term. besides following S. Kheradyar et al, (2011) we have used multiple regression model to test the different(a) two hypotheses H7 and H8, these two hypotheses are formulated on the basis of kind between combined financial ratios and future stock returns.The model has the following form SR it = 0 + i1 DYi (t-1) + i2 EYi (t-1) + i3 B/Mi (t-1) + eit Where, SR it= in time period t, the return of ith stock, 0= the estimated constant, i1= for DY the Ith stock foreseeable coefficient, i2= for EY the Ith stock inevitable c oefficient, i3= for B/M the Ith stock predictable coefficient, DYi (t-1) = is ith stock DY factor in period of time t-1, EYi (t-1) = EY factor of ith stock in period of time t-1, B/Mi (t-1) = B/M factor of ith stock in t-1 time period, eit = error terms. 6.Results and Discussion For the first 6 hypothesis the predictive regression results are summarized in tabularize 1. The coefficient of dividend yield in set back 1 demonstrates a ordained relationship of dividend yield in period (t-1) and stock returns in period (t) in both samples that is when dividend yield developments by one unit of measurement it will cause an increase of 0. 021 and 0. 010 units in stock returns of two samples respectively. As for the p-value of coefficient of Dividend yield is concerned it is 0. 016 in sample one which is less than 0. 5, so the relationship is statistically operative and the idle hypothesis H1 is deflected, in time in sample two the association is insignificant so hypothesis H4 cann ot be rejected.The coefficient of earning yield in Table 1 demonstrates a confirming relationship of earning yield in period (t-1) and stock returns at period (t) that is when earning yield increases by one unit it will cause an increase of 0. 013 and 0. 008 units in stock returns in the two samples respectively. As for the p-value of coefficient of earning yield is concerned it is 0. 19 and 0. 010 in the two samples respectively which is less than 0. 05, so the relationship is statistically significant, and then we will reject hypothesis H2 and H5. The damaging coefficient of Book to market value in table 1 notifies an inverse relationship of B/M and stock returns in both samples that is if B/M ratio increasing the stock return will be change magnitude and vice versa. The p-value of coefficient of B/M value 0. 000 indicates that the relationship is statistically significant in both samples, so hypothesis H3 and H6 have been rejected.S. Kheradyar et al, (2011) found that DY has negative regularize on stock return, and a positive association between EY and stock return. He also found a positive impact of B/M on stock return in (2) (1) 4 Research ledger of Finance and Accounting ISSN 2222-1697 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2847 (Online) Vol 3, No 10, 2012 www. iiste. org sample 2 but a negative one in sample 1. It can also be noticed by looking at the adjusted R-square that B/M has the highest predictive power, and this result is also supported by S. Kheradyar et al, (2011). Insert Table 1 Here) right away we will test to see whether stock return predictive power increases with the confederacy of EY, BM and DY. We will reject H7 and H8 because it can be seen in Table 2 that the predictive regressions are statistically significant. and so we can say that stock return can be predicted by the combination of EY, BM and DY. overly we can say that as compare to the separate two ratios, the variations of the ratio of book to market has great impact on stock return, be cause in both samples it has the highest coefficient.Similarly by looking at the adjusted R-square we can say that in the two samples stock return predictive power increases when the combination of EY, BM and DY increases. (Insert Table 2 Here) 6. Conclusion lit regarding predictability of stock returns has changed over the last 20 years. With evolution researchers and economists unaffectionate price to earnings ratio, dividend yield, inflation, and book to market ratio, beta, industry returns, interest rate, and size of firms from amongst other variables which were considered important for predicting return of stocks.Presently strong evidences are present regarding variables for predicting stock returns. Analysis showed that financial ratios have significant power of predictability for forecasting returns of stock and they predict future stock return of Pakistani market, and B/M has higher predictive power as compare to other ratios. Similarly the predictability of stock return is enhance by the combination of financial ratios. References A. Schrimpf, (2010). supranational Stock founder Predictability under Model Uncertainty. Journal of worldwide Money and Finance, 29 1256-1282. S. Kheradyar, I. Ibrahim, and F.Mat Nor, (2011). Stock Return Predictability with fiscal Ratios. world-wide Journal of Trade, economics and Fiance, 2(5) 391-396. J. Y. Campbell, and R. J. Shiller, (1988). Stock Prices, lucre and Expected Dividends. Journal of Finance, 43(3) 661-676. Chan, L. Hamao, Y. Lakonishok, J. (1991). thorough and Stock Returns in Japan. The Journal of Finance, 17391764. Mukerji, S. Dhatt, M. Kim, Y. , (1997). A Fundamental Analysis of Korean Stock. pecuniary psychoanalyst Journal, 53 7580 Kothari, S. P. , Jay A. Shanken, (1997). Book-to-Market, Dividend Yield and Expected Market Returns A TimeSeries Analysis.Journal of Financial Economics 44 169-203. J. Pontiff, and L. Schall, (1998). Book-to-Market Ratios as Predictors of Market Returns. Journal of Fi nancial Economics, 49 141160. Lewellen, J. , (2002). Predicting Returns with Financial Ratio. National delegacy of Economics Research, MIT works paper no. 4374-02 Ang, A. and Bekeart, G. , (2006). Stock Returns Predictability. The retrospect of Financial Study, 651-707. E. F. Fama and K. French, (1992). The crosswise of Expected Stock Returns. Journal of Finance, 47 427-465 Lewellen, J. , (2001). Predicting Returns with Financial Ratios. Journal of Financial Economic, 209-235.

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Job Order Costing - Essay ExampleIn job read costing, the key is that the work is done to the customers specifications. As a result, each job tends to be different in nature. Even if the job may seem to be exactly the same at first, often a customer will want a worker to do something different than what was originally thought to be done. For example, job suppose costing is used for construction projects, government contracts, shipbuilding, automobile repair, job printing, textbooks, toys, wood furniture, office machines, caskets, machine tools, and luggage. Accumulating the cost of professional services (e.g., lawyers, doctors and CPAs), similarly fall into this category (MAAW, What Is a Cost Accounting System?). Job Order Costing is used by companies where products or services are identifiable by individual units or batchesauto repair, tax return preparation, case in an attorneys office, ship construction, etc. The costs attributable to a particular job are assigned directly to i t.When a job produces a specific quantity for inventory, job order costing permits the computation of a unit cost for inventory costing purposes. When jobs are performed on the basis of customer specifications, job order costing permits the computation of a profit or loss on each order. Since costs are revealed as an order goes through production, these costs may be compared with estimates which were made when an order was taken. Job order costing thereby provides opportunities for controlling costs. It allows the person to help try to keep costs as stable as they can, yet still find a way to make a profit. This ability helps keep both the worker and customer happy, and helps promote a better relationship between the contractor or professional and the person who is paying for the work. This can also help keep costs low, because the customer does non need to pay for services they do not need, even if the professional is capable of doing them. This way, the

Mini ethnography Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Mini ethnography - Research Paper ExampleWhy is Sushi culturally significant to the Japanese community? The main hypothesis is to investigate the essence of Sushi among the people of Japan. According to the Japanese, Sushi is more than just raw fish meal as it also expound of their history. The purpose for the research is to identify the traditional significance of sushi. In the investigation, the studying activity needs the use of qualitative information obtained from an interview, personal observation and indicant archival information. The study uses a video camera to record the interview carried out, an iPad to record any observations and secondary information read.In order to obtain a more primary view of the key concepts, the anthropological study took place in Hokkaido, which is a town located in Hokkaido Island. Hokkaido Island is one of the four major Japanese islands. In Hokkaido town, there is a famous Japanese sushi restaurant known as Hokkaido Sushi Restaurant, where t he Executive Chef, Mr. Thomas Kok was the main interviewee.Firstly, while at the town, peculiarly the restaurant, most people including both locals and tourists, flocked into the hotel all with the plan of having sushi. Secondly, most people enjoyed the meal especially, how the chefs designed it on the plate. Additionally, customers found it very delicious. Thirdly, the kitchen management consisted of only local citizens of the town that is, Japanese. The chefs do not have hair on their arms or face. While eating, a person dips the fish into soy sauce originally ingesting it.THOMAS KOK Despite it being a renowned Japanese delicacy, sushi describes and reminds people of the quaint Japanese culture. Most of the ancestors were fishermen even before farming commenced. Therefore, it forms part of the ancient Japanese culture.THOMAS KOK The hotel receives a large number of customers every day, all with the aim of eating sushi. Locals provide the largest market

Project Task-List Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Project Task-List - Essay ExampleAdditionally, the project aims at the creation of a supportive environment and relevant training materials for the training to be conducted.The scope of the project is limited to the organization of the meeting as well as the arrangement and preparation for the travel and adaptation of the people to attend from the various regions. Of course, this involves the process of sourcing for the necessary resources to facilitate the training. The preparation for the meeting requires the decision on the offsite venue and the accessible locations for accommodating the people go to the meeting.The tasks involved in the project are broken down into subtasks in a work breakdown structure to integrate the timing of the project tasks and the on hand(predicate) resources. This is shown in the chart presented in put over 1 below.Most of the resources in this project are in monetary terms. With the exception of the stationery and the public reference work system, all other resources required for project demands availability of funds. The approximated values of find requirement are presented in the work breakdown structure in table 1 above.The deliverables required out of the project include a sound training plan for the offsite workshop, indicated or measured by the number of topics prepared and the attach scored by the people attending the meeting in the evaluation. The second deliverable is a report of attendance showing the number of people who attended the training, the accommodations acquirable and the utilized facilities. The final deliverable expected out of this project is the summary of the project plan, showing a descriptive statistics of the resources required, time consumption and starting involution of every

Regulation of Industrial Relations in the UK Essay

Regulation of Industrial Relations in the UK - Essay ExampleUp to the 1950s, the UK conveys role in industrial relations was characterized as involving minimum intervention (Kahn-Freund, 1969). However, since the end of the Second World War, the UK state of matter has increasingly intervened in industrial relations.It is fair to state that given the increased intervention by the UK state in industrial relations it is reasonable to conclude that there has been a refractory shift away from voluntarism relative to collective bargaining agreements toward state intervention in supporting some minimum standards within the employment contract. The government or states intervention has moved toward a more active role in regulating the relationship between employee and employer and working conditions in the UK. This musical theme demonstrates the UK states shift from voluntarism to actively supporting minimum standards within the employment contract by tracing state intervention and the m ethods by which state intervention has been utilized.In general, states intervene in industrial relations in a variety of roles and capacities. They may intervene as an employer or as a supervisor or regulatory agent for income and price setting. States may also intervene as economic management, or for the protection of standards. States intervene in industrial relations as legislators and rule-makers. States may also intervene in industrial relations in an attempt to establish and promote the parameters of social order (Hyman, 2009). Historically, the UK has operated as an employer in its own right signifying private employers should follow the states example in how it treats its employees. As a result of this approach to employment principles, it was evaluate that employees in the public sector would seek to avoid tensions and conflicts in the workplace (Rollinson & Dundon, 2007).

Global Economic Outlook and Challenges Faced by Singapore Essay

Global Economic Outlook and Challenges Faced by Singapore - Essay characterThis is endorsed by a survey by the McKinsey Group which finds that amid the uncertainty the prospects for investment banking in the emerging markets remain relatively bright (Bhme, Chiarella & Lemerle (2008). reciprocal ohmeast Asia however, has been making consentient economic progress since the financial crisis of 1977 but Singapore has been going through a lean pitch and much depends upon the economic activity that take manoeuver globally in the near future.The OECD countries accounted for 75% of the world GDP less than 5 decades ago which today accounts for less than 55 percent (Santiso, 2008). The US melodic phrase market that accounted for 50% of the world market capitalization now accounts for less than thirty five percent and continues to decline. Emerging markets like Brazil, Mexico, Turkey and South Korea pee-pee already become OECD members and Brazil is all set to become the global player. I t is growing into a global trader reaching into markets like Middle East, Africa and South East Asia. The subprime crisis of the US can provide new oppurtunities for the Asia-pacific region. The Asia-Pacific investors are playing a key role in supporting the developed countries during the current financial turmoil.Berner (2008) of Morgan Stanley however fears that recession will go global and the industrial economies will be flat in 2009. more or less emerging economies have been facing a combination of external shocks and tighter monetary policies. Since the exports to the US would be reduced, it would impact the other economies as they would face decline in employment, which would have pressure on the income, consumers and their lenders.Most predictions estimate that the US economy will take a V-turn and not U-turn. The air lane industry too is facing the darkest future as multiple airline liquidations will further cripple the economy that depends on affordable and efficient tra nsportation system.

How the Album Got Played Out Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

How the Album Got Played Out - Essay ExampleRight from the year where shudder musicseemed to have had its beats all(prenominal) where in the radio FM station and other shows and in terms of the top sales and bulk of listener response he has covered intimately 85% of the music history tracing back to previous years. He seems to make a comparison with the present album tradition with that of the previous rock music in every point he includes for discussion. He starts with the information carrying the nominees for the 40th Grammy awards such(prenominal) as Radioheads Ok Computer 1 and Bob Dylans beat out of Mind2.He regrets that these albums needed to be listened just because it had a thematic unity to the lyrics 3 . He seemed to have a strong make for these two albums. One reason makes me disagree with this point. Gerald Marzorati actually goes in terms of full appreciation for these two albums but he himself seems to act in such a way that he enhances the quality of this album by talking more on it than other albums which he refers in a very diminished fashion. He says If youre someone who grew upwith Dylan in the 60s , as I did , you would have probably bought the album It actually managed to sneak into the Billboard outmatch 10 for week last fall4He goes on analyzing the concept of digital revolution with that of records of the previous ages. I would agree with his statement that Listening to album is eventually a matter of giving yourself over to somebodys choices this song, then this one. The digital revolution promises precisely the opposite . What do you want, want right today?5. It is true that the digital revolution has increased the interest among the young ones who could also play and jump over to their favorite song as quickly as possible, there options that are prevalent are operating with the help of a remote which was absent in the old CD system or FM station which had been concentrating in enhancing only rock music not upto the

Case study- Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Case study- - Coursework ExampleThis will result in many followers and will raise the popularity of cloud computing.a) For a pertly entrant it is hard to invest huge amount in infrastructure to build own data centre. Here cloud computing lessens their cost to authentic level (Pay-Per-Use facility might be recalled of as an example).Capacity Planning - This is a course of action that an governing body use to determine the crossingion unavoidable to meet varying demands for its products. Here though virago is a retail organization, they shift their business from retail to cloud computing technology, since lots of small organization who are dealing with large data sets are opting to be their clients. In the long run to reduce the risk of waiter downtime they are simultaneously useing earth and private cloud.Scalability This is the capacity of a system to accomplish large number of works in a competent style with ultimate achievement of growth. Amazon is handling a large number of data of many organizations with flexible computing power, messaging and other services. Circumscribing this dimension, Amazon is equipped with huge resources directed towards component part an array of small firms entering new business and struggling to maintain huge database. On the other way, subscribers of Amazon for example, Zynga is using a business pretending where they use private and public cloud jointly. At the juncture when Zynga decides to launch any new application they use public cloud because they are changeful about their future applicability. Once this application stabilizes in the market they shift to its own cloud computing dynamics for the reduction of risk related to the server downtime problems.TCO Total cost of ownership is an estimation of cost method and is used to assist consumers and project managers to establish direct and indirect costs of a product or

To what extent can the post-war boom be attributed to Keynesianism Essay - 1

To what extent can the post-war crush be attributed to Keynesianism - Essay ExampleThe ideas included in Keyness famous book, The General Theory of Employment, Interest and M superstary, which published at 1936 (Arnold 2008, p.226) are presented for showing the key elements of Keynesianism. Other ideas proposed by Keynes in regard to markets and economic science are also utilise in order to respond to the following question Has Keynesianism influenced the post-war boom and at what level? It is proved that Keynesianism has highly contributed in the cultivation of the post-war boom but the involvement of the above framework in this phenomenon has not been direct, in the context described below. 2. The method of Keynes The understanding of the role of Keynesianism in the post-war boom requires the explanation of the key aspects of the specific economic framework. In general, Keynesianism is based on the idea that aggregate demand is influenced by a series of decisions, both creatio n and snobbish (Davies and Green 2010, p.27). Public decisions seem to be more powerful in influencing aggregate demand, compared to private decisions (Davies and Green 2010). Public decisions are those involved in a countrys monetary or fiscal policy (Davies and Green 2010, p.27), as this policy is designed and implemented by the local government. It should be noted that in the context of Keynesianism changes on aggregate demand are not always anticipated (Davies and Green 2010, p.27). Another characteristic of Keynesianism is the following one for Keynesianism the changes on demand are often revealed with delay (Davies and Green 2010). In this way, there is no time for aligning wages with the true level of demand, a fact that results to unexpected increase or decrease of labor (Davies and Green 2010). In other words, even if the vulnerability of aggregate demand towards public and private decisions is known, the measures taken by governments for securing a balance between demand and prices, including wages, are often ineffective (Davies and Green 2010, p.27). This means that Keynesianism offers the basis for the explanation of markets trends but it cannot go out a strategy for limiting markets exposure to changes. Another important element of Keynesianism is the relationship between consumption and income (Arnold 2008, p.226). The above relationship is likely to have ternary modes a) the level of liquid income is a criterion influencing the level of consumption b) as the disposable income increases so does the consumption and vice versa and c) any change on disposable income is followed by changes on consumption (Arnold 2008, p.226). Kadish (2010) focused on the view of Keynes in regard to market controversies. According to Kadish (2010), Kaynes considered these controversies had been resulted mostly because of communication failures and did not reflect the actual status of the economy (Kadish 2010). As a result, three different approaches would be appr opriate for resolving problems related to the performance of markets a) the positive this approach would focus on the actual status of a market, b) the normative this approach reflect the status that a market could have and c) the practical this approach focuses on the tools that would be used for reaching a solution (Kadish 2010, p.118). In general, Keynesianism can be considered as related both to classical macro-economics and effective demand

Archimedes Essay Example for Free

Archimedes EssayArchimedes was one of the intimately cognise and respected mathematicians of ancient Greece. He was born among the years of 290 and 280 BCE in siege of Syracuse, Sicily which is currently known as Italy. His death took place in Syracuse, Sicily between the years of 212 and 211 BCE. In autumn of 212 or the spring of 211 Syracuse was taken over by Roman General Marcus Claudius Marcellus (Encyclopedia Britannica, n. d). It was during the cities take over that Archimedes was kil take. There is rumors about what lead up to a Roman solider killing him. Some historians believe his death was due to Archimedes non leading to give up his mathematical diagrams of mirrors that would burn the Roman send outs. The exact years of his birth and death are uncertain, but Greek historian John Tzetes believes he lived to be 75 years old (Archimedes, n. d). Archimedes father was named Phidias who was an astronomer. His mothers name is unknown, but there is belief that Archimed es is related to the normal of Syracuse King Hiero II. There are currently not many documents of Archimedes upbringing. In fact there is only one record of his life that was written by his friend Heracleides.Unfortunately this biography was lost. Education Archimedes was not only a mathematician but also a physicist, engineer, inventor, and astronomer (Archimedes, n. d). Archimedes belief of himself as world-class a mathematician and secondly an inventor, his other qualities where simply additional characteristics. He received his knowledge by spending most of his life poring over in Syracuse but did spend some time in Alexandria and Egypt possibly with another ancient mathematician known as Euclid. Besides Euclid, Archimedes partnered with other mathematicians of his time.These mathematicians are Conon of Samos and Eratosthenes of Cyrene. Along with studying with these individuals, Archimedes published some of his works in correspondence with them. These published essays inclu de The method of Mechanical Theorems and the Cattle Problem (Archimedes, n. d. ). Greatest Accomplishments Archimedes is famous for several peachy accomplishments by many during his time period and individuals within this present time period. He is known to engage written several daybooks and other types of work. One book which is actu bothy divided into two books is called On the Sphere and Cylinder.On the Sphere and Cylinder describes characteristics of spheres and cylinders as identified by Archimedes. He goes into detail the surface celestial sphere of any sphere has a radius that is four times that of its greatest circle and the volume of a sphere is two-thirds that of the cylinder in which it is inscribed (Encyclopedia Britannica, n. d. ). Archimedes was so proud of his uncovering that he had his tomb marked with a sphere inscribed within a cylinder. The tomb was found in 106-43 BCE by Marcus Tullius Cicero (Encyclopedia Britannica, n. d. ). some other one of his greates t accomplishments would include his determining of the exact measurement of pi.He was one of the first mathematicians to begin studying PI. He began his study of PI between the years of 287 and 212 BCE. His studies determined PI equals 223/71 PI 22/7. His results are related upon approximating the area of a circle based on the area of a regular polygon inscribed with the circle and the area of a regular polygon within which the circle is inscribed (PI, n. d). According to his work he started with studying a hexagon and worked his way up to the polygon with 96 sides (PI, n. d). This was deemed very impressive back in his day and in the current youthful day.Archimedes created a great cunning that is still used in some parts of the world today it is called the Archimedes Screw. Historians believe the Archimedes Screw was invented when King Hieron II approached Archimedes with the pass along of building a large luxury ship. Thanks to Archimedes excellent knowledge of buoyancy, he co nstructed the ship with little hesitation. Unfortunately, he found that the ship constantly leaked. The ships leakage is what brought on the invention of the Archimedes Screw. Archimedes constructed a device that could be operated by one person.The device was simple in design and efficient at moving both liquid and solid particles. This invention that was intended to originally pump water out of the bulge of a luxury ship led to an agricultural device used to pump irrigation water up a gradient and still used by modern day farmers. Around 211 BCE Archimedes speculate the hydrostatic tenet also known as the Archimedes principle. The Archimedes principle demonstrates how an objects density when immersed in a specific volume of fluid will sink or float. The formula is described as W=pVg (Archimedes Principle n. d).The formula demonstrates that if the density of the object is greater that the fluid the object is set in, the object will sink. If the object has the same density off the volume of fluid it is set in it will neither sink nor float. It is when the object is placed in a mass of fluid that is greater than the density of the object that causes it to float. This principle is still practiced today by modern day mathematicians. Archimedes principle has an interesting story associated with its origin. Rumor has it that Archimedes was approached by King Hiero II after he ordered a gold crown.The King was concerned the crown was not pure gold as he had requested. He was convinced it was mixed with silver. So, the King approached Archimedes with his concern. Archimedes decided to take a bath. This bath is what leads to one of the greatest discoveries of all times-the Archimedes Principle. While in the bath he discovered that the exact amount of water equivalent to his submerged body mass overflowed the edges of the tub. After realization of his discovery he was so excited he jumped out of the tub and ran out of his home into the streets of Syracuse screaming Eureka, Eureka.The term eureka stands for I have found it. Besides the invention of the Archimedes Principle, the commonly used term of Eureka can be credited to Archimedes himself. Before his death between the years of 212 and 211 BCE, Archimedes vie an important role in the defense of Syracuse against the Roman navy. He invented what was known as war machines. He constructed these machines so effectively they delayed the initial capture of the city of Syracuse. Archimedes created these machines by applying his knowledge of mathematics and science he used devices known as pulleys, and levers.These war machines consisted of several aspects of his inventions. Some of these aspects include muffin throwers, and large crossbows. Other characteristics of his war machines included the use of the Archimedes claw. The Archimedes claw uses a crane and grappling hook to reach down and grab the Roman galleys. This put through ultimately leads to capsizing them (war machines n. d). Besides t hese great inventions that deterred the Roman navy for quite some time, Archimedes included the use of mirrors or polished stones to focus read sunlight into a point and would cause the wooden ships owned by the Romans to become engulfed in flames.This concept of using mirrors to catch fire to the Roman ships is known as the Archimedes Death Ray (war machines n. d). This one invention is thought to have been the ticket to his death. According to history the Romans wanted the designs so significantly that if Archimedes did not render them over he would be killed. Archimedes can be thought of as a hero that fights for what he believes in, he refused to hand over his invention and death was his only option. Conclusion Archimedes can be credited with the title of one of the worlds most knowledgeable mathematicians and inventors.He was highly thought of during his time period and his wisdom still lives on in modern day society. Archimedes has created several inventions and contributed s everal mathematical concepts. To sum up some of his most known and most important inventions they are determining the measurement of PI, the Archimedes Screw, the Archimedes Principle, and his creation of war machines. Even after his death in Syracuse around 212 or 211 BCE, his mathematical concepts did not die with him. His inventions and knowledge will continue to be acknowledged, studied, and taught well into the future.

Pakistan Steel Mills Essay Example for Free

Pakistan brand name Mills EssayTopic Privatization of Pakistan mark Mills Subject Pakistan Economic Policy Submitted By M. Faizan Sohail (7133) force Shahid Iqbal Date of Submission 12th August 2010 Pakistan Steel Mills Introduction Pakistan Steel Mills is the producer of long rol lead sword products in Karachi, Pakistan. The Pakistan Steel Mill is the countrys largest industrial undertaking having a production capacity of 1. 1 million tons of steel. The enormous dimensions of the project can be visualized from the anatomical structure inputs which involved the use of 1. 9 million cubic meters of concrete, 5. 70 million cubic meters of earth work (second to Tarbela Dam), 330,000 ton of machinery, steel structures and electrical equipment. Its set down and conveyor system at Port Qasim is the third largest in the world and its industrial water reservoir with a capacity of 110 million gallons per daylight is the largest in Asia. A 2. 5 km long sea water channel connects the sea water circulation system to the be aftert site with a use of goods and services of 216 million gallons of sea water per day.Soviet Contribution to Steel Mill In January 1971 Pakistan and the USSR signed an agreement under which the latter agreed to provide techno-financial assistance for the construction of a coastal-based integrated steel mill at Karachi. The huge construction and erection work of an integrated steel mill, never experienced before in the country, was carried out by a consortium of Pakistani construction companies under the overall supervision of Soviet experts. Corporate Business and Net worthyPakistan Steel not only had to construct the main production units, but also a host of infrastructure facilities involving unprecedented volumes of work and expertise. Component units of the steel mills numbering over twenty, and each a big enough factory in its own right, were commissioned as they were completed between 1981 to 1985, with the one C Oven and Byprod uct Plant coming on stream first and the Galvanizing Unit last. Commissioning of Blast Furnace No. on 14 August, 1981 marked Pakistans launching into the elite club of iron and steel producing nations. The project was completed at a capital cost of Rs. 24,700 million. The completion of the steel mill was formally launched by the then-President of Pakistan on 15 January, 1985. Pakistan Steel today is the countrys largest industrial undertaking, having a production capacity of 1. 1 million tons of steel. Founders of Pakistan Still Mills The real founders of Pakistan Steel Mills are Prof.Dr. Niaz Muhammad, Wahab Siddiqui and Russian scientist Mikhail Koltokof. It was the hard work of Dr. Niaz Muhammad that thousands of scientists and technical staff got trained by him. His inspirations and innovations got him the highest award from President of Pakistan, and also from Government of Russia. The Government of Pakistan has wedded him Pride of Performance. His nomination for Nobel Prize was biggest respect what Pakistan achieved. Social obligationsPakistan Steel Mills, besides its core activities, has done a lot in making the environment in and around Pakistan Steel green and beautiful through the addition of three unique projects the Quaid-I-Azam Park, The Quaid-I-Azam Cricket Park and the Quaid-I-Azam Beach. The Quaid-I-Azam Park, which spreads out over an body politic of 45acre, consists of a serial of six interconnected lakes, lush green lawns and grassy terraces, colorful flower beds, fountains, life- size steel-made models of wild and marine animals, a jogging track, a bird sanctuary and mini-zoo, as well as a childrens play and recreational ground and boating facilities.The other unique project, known as the Quaid-I-Azam Cricket Park, has been established amidst the satisfy surroundings of Steel Town, featuring sloping grassy terraces all around for spectators and four diagonally-located hillocks with seating arrangements to provide a panoramic view of t he game. This is spread over an area of 32000 sq. meters and is equipped with all the necessary facilities, conforming to international standards. The third project, Quaid-I-Azam Beach, is being developed with the aim to provide a seaside recreational spot to the employees of Pakistan Steel, oddly those residing at Steel Town and Gulshan-e-Hadeed.Pakistan Steel is also on its way to establish Quaid-I-Azam National Park over a vast area of 400acre near to Steel Town which shall be a trem stopping pointous contribution in the development of the environment. The organization also has a football team Pakistan Steel FC that soon competes in the Pakistan Premier League. History Privatization of Pakistan Steel Mills by and by independence in 1947, it did not take long for Pakistan to come to the realization that progressive industrial and economical development would be impossible without the possession of a self reliant iron and steel making plant.The dependence on imports would caus e well(p) setbacks to the country along with an extortionately high import bill which would be impossible to support. In 1968, the Government of Pakistan decided that the Karachi Steel Project should be sponsored in the public sector, for which a separate Corporation, under the Companies Act, be formed. In pursuance of this decision, Pakistan Steel Mills Corporation Limited was incorporated as a head-to-head limited company to establish and run steel mills at Karachi.Pakistan Steel Mills Corporation concluded an agreement with V/o Tyaz Promexport of the USSR in January, 1969 for the preparation of a feasibility report for the establishment of a coastal-based integrated steel mill at Karachi. Bhuttohad signed a contract with the former USSR to foster build the project. The project was estimatedto cost Rs 10 billion but was completed at a cost of Rs 30 billion and took ten years to finish. The knowledgeability stone of this vital and gigantic project was laid on 30 December, 1973 by the Prime minister of religion of Pakistan Zulfikar Ali Bhutto.The completion of the steel mill was formally launched by the then-President of Pakistan on 15 January, 1985. The steel mill project provided 20,000 jobs for workers from all over Pakistan. Unfortunately, from the very beginning plotting were launched by the bureaucracy against the workers in order to destroy their clean and ruin their potential. A propaganda feed was started in the media to give the tender that the project was a burden on the national economy and that it was a white elephant.This campaign gradually became noisierandthe idea that there were 8000 surplus workers who were a burden and needed to be gotten rid of was widely propagated. except, the bureaucracy and the press found it impossible to endeavour the workers due to the political strength and unity of the militant trade unions. With its propaganda having failed and its aims in ruins, the bureaucracy resorted to the traditional and criminal t actics of the ruling class the tactic of catchment basin and rule.In 1986 Zia-ul-haq dictatorshipbegan a series of brutal political assaults in Pakistan. The ruling class succeeded in generating racialconflicts among workers, whichnot only dissever the workers but also weakened the labor movement. This tactic of divide and rule also affected Pakistan Steel. In 1988 the trade unions were divided on racial ground which resulted in bloody hatred and endedthe traditional revolutionary unity of the unions. The labour movement was constantly harassed and its leadership degenerated and became demoralized.In 1992 Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif appointed a General, Sabeeh Qamar-uz-zaman, as chairman of Pakistan Steel. He was given the task of improving the situation and normalizing the working conditions. He imposed an undeclared ban on the trade unions at Pakistan Steel. Terror and the harassmentof the unions wereenforced in the name of discipline. Aninternal security intelligenceunit, the FIU, was also established and was headed by an army colonel. This notoriousintelligence unit discovered that 1500 workers were a security risk.These workers were punished and removed from their jobs. In 1995 Benazir Bhutto, in her second term in office, reinstated most of these workers. However not all of them were reinstated. During his second tenure in 1997, Nawaz Sharifintroducedmany reactionary anti-labour laws. The ex-chief of the FIU, Colonel Afzal, a batch mate of General Musharraf, was appointed as managing director of Pakistan Steel. This world was twice suspended on corruption charges from his previous post as chief of the FIU, yet somehow he still merited the promotion to chairman.After Musharraf overthrew Nawaz Sharif in 1999, he introduced his Seven Point Agenda to the nation. Not surprisingly his top priority was the introduction of the brutal policies of rightsizing and downsizing, which in practice meant maximizingunemployment. These policieswere dulcify with anot her Black Law the Industrial Relations Ordinance 2000. In June 2000 the chairman of Pakistan Steel announced the immediate departure of 436 workers. The workers were informed in their dismissal orders that their services were no longer required.This was just the beginning however, and a new policy was enforced where workers were requested to enjoy the benefits of the VRP (Volunteer Retirement Policy). All of these laws and policies were exercised in the scald manner in Pakistan Steel it became a model and an example to whole country, and to all workers and trade unions. 8500 jobs were ruthlessly cut by these barbaric policies. These sackings affected the workers deeply, and led to a change in consciousness. On December 31, 2001 the workers of Pakistan Steel organized a general strike against the anti-labor policies of the chairman and the government.The workers blocked all roads and admission charge to the mill. On February 7, 2003 the workers again organized a strike. The author ities attempted to stop the strike by using the tactics of delay. But this only served to provoke the workers, and on March 8, 2003 the workers again blocked the roads. This time they also occupied the mill. This action paralyzed the authorities but unfortunately the struggle was lost because the workers were betrayed at the negotiating bow by the trade union leadership.It was apparent thatthis struggle could have galvanized the working class nationallyand that it could have found a mass basis. However, in the end it was drowned in petty compromises and conciliations. On December 30, 2003 Chairman Afzal was suddenly dismissed and again a General, Abdul Qayum was appointed as the newchairman. He immediate gave the impression to the workers that the situation would be totally reversed and that the workers would not have to fear anymore suspensions or dismissals. He also announced an extension plan for Pakistan Steel that would create more jobs.However, just before initiating the exte nsion plan, it was announced that Pakistan Steel would be privatised rather than proceed with the extension. This was a clear declaration of a severe attack on the rights of the workers. This was a clear attackon their jobs and their working conditions. This declaration provoked 12,500 workers who are drawing the conclusion that they need to tug back. The government was not as lucky in the case of Pakistan Steel Mills as it had been with regard to certain other privatization deals.